Before Refrigerators Were Invented, How Did People Preserve Their Food (Particularly Meat) So That It Didn’t Spoil?在發(fā)明冰箱以前，人們是如何保存食物不致腐爛（尤其是肉類）？

獲得6.2k好評的回答@Kian Bakhtiari

All the answers have focused on fairly new and recent systems of refrigeration. 所有的回答都把注意力集中在近現(xiàn)代的保鮮系統(tǒng)上。

But in 500 BCE – The yakhchal (meaning "ice pit" in Persian;) an ancient Persian type of refrigerator was invented. 但是在公元前500年，古老波斯的冰箱-yakhchal（在波斯語言中意為冰坑）就已經(jīng)被發(fā)明了。

The structure was formed from a mortar resistant to heat transmission, in the shape of a dome. 它是由砂漿構(gòu)成的，以防止熱傳遞，形狀類似于圓頂。

Snow and ice was stored beneath the ground, effectively allowing access to ice even in hot months and allowing for prolonged food preservation.雪和冰貯藏在地下，能夠使冰塊在夏季也能夠獲得，并且有效延長食物保質(zhì)期。

In Europe and other less developed nations (at the time) spices were used to preserve meat. The most popular being salt since pepper was still expensive and difficult to attain.在歐洲以及其他少數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國家（當(dāng)代）辣椒曾被用于儲藏肉類。但是鹽會更加的通用，因為辣椒較貴而且不易獲得。

獲得2.7k好評的回答@Patrick Bendahan

1- drying (eg in the sun or via other methods ; eg bresaola, beef jerky)1.曬干。（比如日曬或者通過其他辦法；例如牛肉干）

2- cooling (eg leaving outside the window in the cold)2.冷卻。（例如將食物放置窗外）

3- freezing (eg burying in the snow)3.冰凍（例如埋在雪里）

4- smoking (eg ham)4.煙熏（例如火腿）

5- stewing (note: temperatures above 63 degrees Celsius are considered adequate for preserving food by today’s standards)5.燉（提示：溫度達(dá)到63攝氏度相當(dāng)于當(dāng)今保鮮食物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）

6- canning (eg vienna sausages)6.罐裝（例如維也納香腸）

7- jellying (eg ’pig head’ jelly)膠凝（例如膠凝豬頭）

8- pickling (eg corned beef)8.腌制（例如腌牛肉）

9- burying in the ground9.埋于地下。