祈使句和感嘆句
祈使句
一.概念
祈使句用以表達命令，要求，請求，勸告等。
二.相關知識點精講
1.祈使句有兩種類型，一種是以動詞原形開頭，在動詞原形之前加do （但只限于省略第二人稱主語的句子）。例如：
Take this seat. 坐這兒。
Do be careful. 務必小心。
否定結構：例如：
Don’t move. 不準動。
Don’t be late. 不要遲到。
2.以let開頭的祈使句
Let 的反意疑問句：
a. Let’s 包括說話者。例如：
Let’s have another try, shall we / shan’t we? = Shall we have another try? 我們再試一次，如何？
b. Let us 不包括說話者。例如：
Let us have another try，will you / won’t you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你讓我們再試一次，好嗎？
否定結構：例如：
Let’s not talk of that matter. 不要談這件事。
Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要讓我們談這件事。
感嘆句
一.概念
感嘆句通常有what, how引導，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、等感情
二. 相關知識點精講
1.How +形容詞+ a +名詞+ 陳述語序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！
2.How+形容詞或副詞+陳述語序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛頭真可愛！
3.What +名詞+陳述語序。例如：What noise they are making! 他們真吵！
4.What +a+形容詞+名詞+陳述語序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！
5.What+ 形容詞+復數(shù)名詞+陳述語序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我們的主意真棒！
6.What+ 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+陳述語序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！
7.What a clever boy he is!的省略形式為：What a clever boy!
第二十四章 否定句
否定句
一.概念
否定句指否定陳述句的句子.
二.相關知識點精講
1. 用not構成的否定句：主語 + 助動詞/ be + not + …
例句：
He is not back yet.
It is not true.
We haven’t forgotten you.
You shouldn’t be so silly.
We haven’t been invited yet.
He won’t go, but they will.
Money could not buy happiness.
I like the salad, but I don’t like this soup.
He wants a girl friend, but he doesn’t want to get married.
You didn’t understand what I said, did you?
You needn’t try to explain.
I didn’t use to like opera, but now I’m getting interested.
I usedn’t to like opera, but now I’m getting interested.
2. 祈使句的否定句：Don’t + 動詞原形…。
例句：
Don’t worry. I’ll look after you.
Don’t believe a word he says.
Don’t be so rude.
3. 非謂語動詞（不定式，分詞，動名詞）的否定式：把not放在to do; doing; 的前面。
It’s important not to worry.
He said he deeply regretted not being able to help.
Not knowing what to do, Shelly asked advice of her friend.
He reproached me for not having told it to him.
4. not與除謂語以外的其他句子成分連用：
Come early, but not before six.
It’s working, but not properly.
I believe he will succeed, though not without some difficulty.
not用在I hope; I believe; I’m afraid; I guess; I suppose; I expect之后，構成省略句。
—Will it snow today ?
—I hope not.
5. 用no構成否定句：no+名詞（單，復數(shù)，不可數(shù)）相當于not+ a +名詞/ not + any +名詞
No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.
The nations of Europe and America have found that no country can produce all its needs without trading.
Take that towel, I have no other.
I can walk no farther.
There is no knowing what will happen.
6. 某些否定副詞或代詞：seldom; never; hardly; rarely; little; few; none; nowhere; neither等在句中構成否定句：
I can seldom find time for reading.
Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry.
The rumor came from nowhere.
None but fools have ever believed it.
7. 否定轉移：當think; believe; suppose; imagine等動詞引導否定意義的賓語從句時，把從句中的not提到主句這些動詞前面，是主句變成否定句：
I don’t think she’s at home, but I’ll go and see.
I don’t imagine that he’ll enjoy it.
8. 否定式疑問句：
Doesn’t she understand?
Haven’t you booked your holiday yet?
部分否定：
注意部分否定的結構：
Not all…=All…not…
Not both…=Both…not…
Not every…=Every…not…
I don’t remember all the names.
All is not gold that glitters.
It is not found everywhere.
Not everyone likes this film.
9. 用否定形式表示肯定的意義：
注意這些句型：
cannot…too.. / cannot… more: 越…就越好；再…不過了。
You cannot be too careful.
A man can never have too many friends.
