7 讓步狀語從句
though, although
注意： 當有though, although時，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用
Although it’s raining, they are still working in the field.
雖然在下雨，但他們仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。 (諺語)
典型例題
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. WhenB. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。
2)as, though 引導的倒裝句
as / though引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前)。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意： a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
b.句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。
3)ever if, even though.即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5)"no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+后綴ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替換：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。
(錯)No matter what you say is of no use now.
(對)Whatever you say is of no use now.
你現在說什么也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)
(錯)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
(對)Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。
8 比較while, when, as
1)as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2)當從句的動作發生于主句動作之前，只能用when 引導這個從句，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3)從句表示"隨時間推移"連詞能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。
9 比較until和till
此兩個連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某時"，動詞必須是延續性的。否定形式表達的意思是"直至某時才做某事"。動詞為延續性或非延續性都可以。 正確使用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。
肯定句：
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。
(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句：
She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock.
她直到6點才到。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
公共汽車停穩后再下車。
I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才會做。
1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點也不知道。
2)Until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying?你呆到什么時候?
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。
注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。
(1)Not until …在句首，主句用倒裝。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世紀初，人類才知道熱能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我開始工作，我才認識到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。
(2)It is not until… that…
10 表示"一…就…"的結構
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思，例：
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結構：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
