7 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
though, although
注意： 當(dāng)有though, although時(shí)，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用
Although it’s raining, they are still working in the field.
雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。 (諺語(yǔ))
典型例題
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. WhenB. However C. Although D. Unless
答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。
2)as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前)。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意： a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
b.句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。
3)ever if, even though.即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5)"no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+后綴ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替換：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。
(錯(cuò))No matter what you say is of no use now.
(對(duì))Whatever you say is of no use now.
你現(xiàn)在說(shuō)什么也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語(yǔ)從句)
(錯(cuò))Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
(對(duì))Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。
8 比較while, when, as
1)as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2)當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3)從句表示"隨時(shí)間推移"連詞能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天過去，天氣越變?cè)綁摹?/p>
9 比較until和till
此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某時(shí)"，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是"直至某時(shí)才做某事"。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。 正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式。
肯定句：
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。
(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句：
She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock.
她直到6點(diǎn)才到。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。
I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才會(huì)做。
1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。
2)Until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying?你呆到什么時(shí)候?
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。
注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。
(1)Not until …在句首，主句用倒裝。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世紀(jì)初，人類才知道熱能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我開始工作，我才認(rèn)識(shí)到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。
(2)It is not until… that…
10 表示"一…就…"的結(jié)構(gòu)
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思，例：
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
