-- Used in “if” clause
語氣(Mood)分三種:直陳語氣,祈使語氣和虛擬語氣.
虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，用來表示說話人所說的話并不是事實，而是一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測，建議。
“if” 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實條件句與非真實條件句兩種。
1. 真實條件句所表示的假設(shè)
1) 不隨時間而改變的自然法則和客觀真理
2) 可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的：if后面的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用祈使語氣或情態(tài)動詞.
2. 非真實條件句所表示的假設(shè)是不可能發(fā)生或不大可能實現(xiàn)的：時態(tài)共分兩種情況。
If引導(dǎo)的從句 主句
A.與現(xiàn)在事實相反 If+主語+動詞過去式(be的過去式一律用were) 主語+would+動詞原形
B.與將來事實相反 If+主語+動詞過去式(be的過去式一律用were) 主語+would+動詞原形
C.與過去事實相反 If +主語+ had+動詞過去分詞 主語+would+have+過去分詞
Exercises:
1. 與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾?/p>
If you … you would …
were Chairman Hu
were Bush
could choose a place for your house
won a lottery of 5 million
your child were addicted to computer games
came across a blackout in a lift
2. 與過去相反
Write conditionals based on the following facts.
1) She didn’t take the medicine, so she felt carsick.
2) Because the sun was in the right direction, the photos came out very well.
3) The shop didn’t pack the goods properly, so they got damaged.
4) The government raised taxes, so they were very unpopular.
5) He wasn’t able to answer all the questions, so he didn’t pass the examination.
6) He didn’t pass the examination, so he didn’t go to the university.
7) We didn’t get there on time, so we found the doors locked in our faces.
8) She didn’t see Curse of the Golden Flower, so she didn’t understand what I said.
3. Multiple choices
1. What will we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. snow B. would snow C. snows D. will snow
2. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
A. may not make B. might not make
C. wouldn’t have made D. might have made
3. _____ to see the doctor right away, he might have been alive.
A. If he went B. If he gone C. If he has gone D. If he had gone
4. If you were older, I _____ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed
5. If we _____ here ten minutes earlier, we _____ the bus.
A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught
C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught
6. If I _____ more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have
7. Don’t touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _____ you.
A. would come B. would come at C. would have come D. will come at
8. If it _____ tomorrow, what would we do?
A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain
9. If he _____ to the teacher attentively, he _____ the answer to the problem.
A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know
C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know
10. ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow.
---- I would if I _____ to attend a meeting.
A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. will not have D. would not have
11. If I had hurried, I _____ the train.
A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught
12. If I had known that, I _____ so.
A. wouldn’t do B. wouldn’t have done C. won’t do D. have not done
13. If I _____ you, I wouldn’t call back.
A. be B. am C. was D. were
14. If the doctor had been available, the child _____.
A. would not die B. would not have died C. could not die D. could die
15. You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.
A. came/ would meet B. had come/ would have met
C. come/ will meet D. had come/ would met
16. If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.
A. would meet B. would had meet
C. would have met D. would have meet
17. If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been cancelled.
A. had rained B. would had rained C. have seen D. did see
18. You _____ the train if you _____ a little earlier.
A. could take/ started B. would have taken/ had started
C. could take/ had started D. would have took / started
19. The Bakers arrived last night, if they’d only let us know earlier, _____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them
20. If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. was/ shall pay B. am/ will pay
C. would be/ would pay D. were/ would pay
21. We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.
A. have not given B. would not give
C. had not given D. did not give
22. If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed B. owned C. had D. had had
23. If her husband had not liked the dress _____.
A.she would be delighted B. he would get mad
C. she would have returned it D. she would take it back to the store
24. If I _____ you, I _____ worry.
A. were/ wouldn’t B. was/ wouldn’t C. been/ would have D. be/ would
25. We _____ delighted if the report _____ true.
A. were/ were B. will be/ were C. may be/ were D. were/ would be
Keys:
CCDCD/BBBAB/CBDBB/CABCD/CDCAB
