莎士比亞十四行詩大約創(chuàng)作于1590年至1598年之間,其詩作的結(jié)構(gòu)技巧和語言技巧都很高,幾乎每首詩都有獨(dú)立的審美價(jià)值。莎士比亞在運(yùn)用這個(gè)詩體時(shí),極為得心應(yīng)手,主要表現(xiàn)為語匯豐富、用詞洗練、比喻新穎、結(jié)構(gòu)巧妙、音調(diào)鏗鏘悅耳。而其最擅長(zhǎng)的是最后兩行詩,往往構(gòu)思奇詭,語出驚人,既是全詩點(diǎn)睛之作,又自成一聯(lián)警語格言。在英國(guó)乃至世界十四行詩的創(chuàng)作中,莎士比亞十四行詩是一座高峰,當(dāng)?shù)闷鹂涨敖^后的美稱。
《莎士比亞十四行詩》第五十四首
O! how much more doth beauty beauteous seem
By that sweet ornament which truth doth give.
The rose looks fair, but fairer we it deem
For that sweet odour, which doth in it live.
啊,有了真賦予的甜美的化妝,
美還會(huì)展示出多少更多的美。
艷麗玫瑰有了活在花朵中的芬芳,
在我們的心中會(huì)平添出多少嫵媚。
The canker blooms have full as deep a dye
As the perfumed tincture of the roses,
Hang on such thorns, and play as wantonly
When summer’s breath their masked buds discloses:
野薔薇同樣在帶刺的枝頭懸垂,
一如玫瑰那樣活潑地戲弄清風(fēng)。
當(dāng)夏的氣息剝開戴面具的花蕾,
它也有芬芳玫瑰那濃濃的艷紅。
But, for their virtue only is their show,
They live unwoo’d, and unrespected fade;
Die to themselves. Sweet roses do not so;
Of their sweet deaths are sweetest odours made:
但是,它們的姿色只宜一旁觀賞,
活著沒人追求,凋亡沒人憐惜,
自生自滅;甜美的玫瑰卻不一樣,
甜美的死亡造出了最甜美的香氣。
And so of you, beauteous and lovely youth,
When that shall vade, my verse distills your truth.
同樣,美麗可愛的青年啊,當(dāng)你姿色不存,
我筆下的詩歌卻會(huì)提煉出你的真。