由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個主句,相當于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中。例如:
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 如我們所知,吸煙有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太陽使地球暖起來,這對我們人類很重要。
典型例題
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. whichD. he
答案C. 此為非限定性從句,不能用 that修飾,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成為句子,兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it
答案B.which可代替句子,用于非限定性定語從句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句,it不為連詞,使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park……
A. thatB. whichC. as D. it
答案B. as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時,這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點:
(1)as 引導的定語從句可置于句首,而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時,從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞,則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。在本題中,prevent由于是行為動詞,所以正確選項應為B.
as 的用法
例1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。例如:
I have got into the same trouble as he (has)。 我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。
例2. as可引導非限制性從句,常帶有’正如’.例如:
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 如我們所知,吸煙有害健康。
As is known, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中,它充當從句的主語,謂語動詞know要用被動式。