將來完成時講解及練習(xí)
定義
將來完成時用來表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作。經(jīng)常與before+將來時間或by+將來時間連用，也可與before或by the time引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時的從句連用。
構(gòu)成
will/shall+have+完成式用于第一人稱，will+have+完成式用于其他人稱。
實例
a. 狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態(tài)。
b. 動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動作或已獲得的經(jīng)驗。
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
將來完成時的構(gòu)成
將來完成時的構(gòu)成是由"shall/will + have +過去分詞"構(gòu)成的。
Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter.
不久他就會全然忘記這件事的。
He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates.
他現(xiàn)在是一個有身份的人了，他可能不會記得老同學(xué)了。
Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month?
到下個月你認(rèn)識凱文該有10年了吧?
將來完成時的用法
①表示在將來某一時間之前已完成的動作，并往往對將來某一時間產(chǎn)生影響。
We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
到這個學(xué)期末，我們將學(xué)完12個單元。
By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
你到家之前我將把房子徹底打掃一遍。
②表示推測，相當(dāng)于"must have done"結(jié)構(gòu)。
You will have heard of this, I guess.
我想你已經(jīng)聽說過這件事了。
I am sure he will have got the information.
我相信他一定得到了這個信息
③.表示某種狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到說話人所提及的時間
we will have been married a year on june 25th
到6月25日我們倆結(jié)婚就滿1年了
練習(xí)題
1. By the summer, Elizabeth______ here for ten years .
A. will work B. works C. will have worked D. has worked
2. I. hope you______ the instructions ready before I come tomorrow
A. to get B. shall get C. will get D. will have gotten .
3. No sooner_______ than the accident happened.
A. he had gone B. had he gone C. his going D. he went
4. Hardly______ when the bus suddenly pulled away.
A. they had got to the bus stop B. had they got to the bus stop
C. did they get to the bus stop D. they got to the bus stop
5. Mother doesn’t know much time I have spent in watching TV; if she ever found out ,I’m sure_______.
A. she’d never forgive me B. she never forgive me
C. she’ll never forgive me D. she does never forgive me
6. As soon as he______ his error, Rockfeller made the necessary corrections to his data collected.
A. discovered B. has discovered C. discovers D. had discovered
7. I _______meeting you ever since we parted.
A. was looking forward to B. have been looking forward to
C. had been looking forward to D. looked forward to
8. Where have you been? What _____ ?
A. did you do B. have you been doing C. have made D. were you doing
9. She has been studying here for five years and by the end of next summer she _____.
A. will graduate B. will be graduating C. will be graduated D. will have graduated
10. When you come tonight at eight o’clock, I _____ eight lessons.
A. would review B. shall review C. shall have reviewed D. shall be reviewing
11. “Are Alice and Tom still living in New York?” “No, they _____ to Dallas.”
A. are just moved B. have just moved C. had just moved D. will just move
12. I haven’t heard from Maria_____.
A. since a long time B. for many months ago
C. for many months D. since many months before
13. His grandfather ______ for thirty years.
A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died
14. Its (high) time you _____ a holiday.
A. had B. have C. will have D. have had
15. By the time Juan gets home, his aunt _____ for Puerto Rico.
A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left
16. All the machines ____ by the end of the following week.
A. were repaired B. will be repaired C. have been repaired D will have been repaired
17. The conference _____ a full week by the time it ends.
A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted
答案
1. C 將來完成時態(tài)。 By 指：到什么時間為止。
2. D 將來完成時態(tài)。 tomorrow 表示將來， get the instructions (指令，指示)這個動作在我回來之前已經(jīng)完成。
3. B “no sooner……than……”( 剛 …… 就 ……) ，在 no sooner 這部分應(yīng)當(dāng)用過去完成時， than 后面用一般過去時。 A ， B 都是過去完成時態(tài)，怎么選擇? No sooner 的特殊用法，在其后面跟倒裝語序，所以選 B 。
4.B hardly……when……( 一 …… 就 ……) ， hardly 后應(yīng)當(dāng)用過去完成時， when 后面用一般過去時。 hardly 的特殊用法，在其后面跟倒裝語序，所以選 B 。
5. A 過去將來時態(tài)。 Forgive 原諒， She’d 相當(dāng)于： she would. 媽媽不知道我看電視花費了多長時間，如果她知道的話，我相信她將永遠(yuǎn)不會原諒我。
6. D 過去完成時態(tài)。 發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤這個動作發(fā)生在糾正數(shù)據(jù)那個動作之前，而改正數(shù)據(jù)的動作用的是過去時態(tài)，所以，發(fā)生在過去的過去的動作就用過去完成時態(tài)。 error 錯誤。 correction 改正，是名詞。 data 數(shù)據(jù)。
7. B 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。表示渴望見你這個動作從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在以至于將來。 look forward to 渴望，想要 …… 。 ever since 自從 …… 。
8. B 現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。通過上下句來識別時態(tài)。
9. D 將來完成時態(tài)。 by the end of next summer 為信號詞。
10. C 將來完成時態(tài)。 Review 溫習(xí)，復(fù)習(xí)。
11. B 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。說話的時候，他已搬走。
12. C 我已經(jīng)好幾個月沒有 Maria 的消息了。現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)， for 引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語。
13. C 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。他的祖父已經(jīng)去世三十年了。這里死亡表示一種狀態(tài)，而不能理解為一種動作，因為死亡是一個短暫性動詞，它不可能持續(xù)三十年。所以用 has been dead 。
14. A It’s(high)time (是 …… 什么的時候了)的特殊用法，要用完成時態(tài)。 Have 在句中是擁有的意思。
15.C將來完成時態(tài)。 Leave for 離開一個地方到另一個地方去， By the time 信號詞。
16.D將來完成時態(tài)。 by the end of 到 …… 時間為止，在此句中引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句為將來時間，所以是用將來時。答案 B ， D 選取哪個?機器( machines )是被修的，所以用被動語態(tài)。顯然， D 為正確答案。
17. B 譯文：會議從開始到結(jié)束，將持續(xù)整整一個星期。本句是將來完成時的用法。到將來某時(會議結(jié)束)之前業(yè)已完成的動作(last) ，所以用將來完成時。
內(nèi)容相關(guān)：
英語語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(8)——過去將來時
英語語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(7)——過去完成時
英語語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(6)——一般將來時
