介詞講解及實例(2)
(四)、for
1.動詞+for
a)動詞+for。for表原因、目的：account for解釋;說明, answer for對…負責,
apply for申請;請求, apologize for為…而道歉, beg for請求, call for要求,
care for在意, enter for報名參加, fight for為…而戰, hope for希望,
inquire for查詢;求見, leave for離開某地到另一地, look for尋找, long for盼望,
mistake for誤認為, plan for計劃做某事, prepare for為…作準備,
provide for為…提供, reach for伸手去拿, run for競選, stand for象征,
search for搜尋, send for派人去請, speak for陳述意見、
愿望, take for當作, wish for希望, wait for等待。例如：
his illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席。
the baby reached for the apple but couldn’t reach it.
那嬰兒伸手去蘋果，但夠不著。
he who would search for pearls must dive below.
要想找到珍珠，必須潛到海底。
b)動詞+sb.+ for +sth.。for表示原因或目的：ask for要求得到,
blame for因…責備, excuse for寬恕, forgive for諒解, pardon for原諒,
pay for花錢買, praise for稱贊, punish for對…進行懲罰,
push for催逼，reward for酬謝, thank for對…表示謝意。例如：
please excuse me for my being late. 請原諒我的遲到。
forgive me for my keeping you waiting. 請見諒，讓你久等了。
2. be +形容詞+for。for表作用、目的、對人或物有某種情緒等：
be anxious for急于做, be eager for渴望, be bad for有害于,
be convenient for便于, be good for利于, be famous for以…出名,
be fit for適合于, be grateful for對…心存感激, be impatient for對…不耐煩,
be late for遲到, be necessary for有必要, be ready for作好準備,
be sorry for為…而后悔, be responsible for對…負責,
be suitable for適合于, be unfit for不適合, be useful for對…有作用。例如：
he is eager for success. 他渴望成功。
the government is responsible for the nation’s welfare.
政府負責民眾的福利。
3.for+名詞構成的詞組：for all盡管，for a song非常便宜地，
for certain確切地，for company陪著，for ever永遠，for example例如，
for fear以免，for fair肯定地，for free免費，for fun為了好玩，
for good永遠，for instance比方，for luck祝福，for life終身，
for long長久，for nothing白白地，for once有生第一次，for oneself替自己，
for pleasure為了消遣，for reason因為…理由，for sale供出售，
for shame真不害臊，for short簡稱，for sport好玩，for sure確切地。
4.動詞+副詞/名詞+for構成的短語：be in for將遇到，make up for彌補，
go in for從事，l o ok out for提防，take sth. for granted把…當作理所當然,
have an ear for音感好, have a gift for有某方面的天賦。
(五)、from
1.動詞+from
a)動詞+ from。from表示“來源、原因、起始”等：come from來自,
date from追溯, depart from違背, die from死于, escape from逃出,
fall from自…跌落, hang from垂掛, hear from收到來信,
learn from向某人學習, return from自某地返回，
rise from自…冒出, result from起因于, suffer from忍受。例如：
all the characters in the book are drawn from real life.
書中所有的人物都來自于真實的生活。
any damage resulting from negligence must be paid for by the
borrower.
因疏忽引起的任何損壞都應由借用者負責賠償。
he has recovered from his surprise. 他好不容易回過神來。
b)動詞+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place。from表示“來源、免于”等：
borrow from向…借, choose from選自, excuse from免除, keep from阻止做,
prevent from不準做, protect from不受…之害, receive from收到,
remove from移動;除去, save from保全;拯救, separate from分離開來, stop
from阻止。例如：
he was excused from attendance at the lecture. 他獲準可不去聽課。
stop the child from spoiling the book. 不要讓孩子弄壞了書。
2. be +形容詞+ from。此時from含義眾多：be absent from缺席,
be different from與眾不同, be far from更不用說, be hidden from躲避,
be made from用…制成, be tired from因…而疲倦。例如：
the boy can’t walk and is far from running.那男孩不會走路，更不用說跑了。
3.from…to…。本短語表示從一種狀態到另一狀態的變化或從…到…：
from bad to worse每況愈下，from beginning to end自始至終，
from cover to cover從頭到尾，from china to peru到處，
from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨戶，
from end to end從頭至尾，from first to last自始至終，
from hand to mouth勉強糊口，from head to foot從頭到腳，
from mouth to mouth廣泛流傳，from sun to sun從日出到日落，
from start to finish從頭開始，from top to toe從頭到腳，
from time to time不時地，from top to bottom徹底地
(六)、in
1.動詞+in
a)動詞+ in。in在短語中的含義異常豐富：believe in信任, break in碎成，
bring in引起;產生;帶來, call in下令收回, fill in填充,get in收獲,
hand in上繳, involve in涉及, lie in在于, result in導致, share in共享,
succeed in成功, take in卷起;訂閱, turn in歸還當局。例如：
he was so short of money that he had to call
in the loans that he had made. 他很缺乏資金，不得不收回所有的款子。
your failure lies in your laziness. 你失敗的原因在于懶惰。
orders are given to take in sail.已發布收帆的命令。
b)動詞+sb./time/money+ in。介詞in后接(doing)sth.：help sb. in
幫助某人做某事, spare time/money in勻出時間或錢做某事,
spend time/money in花時間或錢做某事,
waste time/money in浪費時間或錢做某事。例如：
she offered to help him in the housekeeping when i am not here.
她提出，我不在家時她可以幫助他料理家務。
2. be +形容詞+ in。in表示“在某些方面或穿著”：be active in活躍于,
be absorbed in專心致志, be busy in忙碌, be born in出生于,
be concerned in牽涉, be clothed in穿著, be disappointed in對…失望,
be diligent in勤于, be experienced in在…有經驗, be employed in任職于,
be engaged in忙碌, be expert in某方面的專家, be excellent in在…優秀,
be interested in對…有興趣, be lacking in缺乏, be rich in富有,
be slow in遲緩, be successful in在某方面成功, be skilled in精于,
be strict in嚴于, be weak in弱于。例如：
she was completely absorbed in her own affairs. 她完全專注于自己的事務。
more than one person has been concerned in this. 不只一人牽涉到這件事。
3. in +名詞。 in表示“處于某種狀態或在某些方面”等意思：in advance提前,
in all總共，in balance總而言之，in bed臥床，in body親自，in brief簡明扼要，
in case萬一, in charge主管，in danger有危險, in debt負債, in despair失望,
in force大量地;有效，in full全部地, in flower開花,in general一般說來,
in itself本身, in love戀愛, in order井然有序, in person親自,
in public公開地, in progress有進展, in practice從實踐上看,
in rags穿著破衣, in research探索, in return作為報答,in ruins一片廢墟,
in short總之,in theory從理論上看, in trouble有麻煩, in tears眼淚汪汪,
in time及時, in turn按順序, in vain白白地，in view看得見。
注意下列幾個詞組中的in為副詞：check in到達登記，cut in插嘴，count in包括,
draw in時間接近, drop in順路拜訪, give in屈服, pour in源源而來。
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