時(shí)態(tài)
1、常用時(shí)態(tài)的形式：(以動(dòng)詞“study”為例)
時(shí)間：現(xiàn)在 過(guò)去 將來(lái) 過(guò)去將來(lái)
狀態(tài)
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一般 study studied shall/will study should /would study
studies
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進(jìn)行 am/is/are was/were shall/will be should/would be
studying studying studying studying
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完成 has/have had shall/will should/would
studied studied have studied have studied
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完成 has/have had been shall/will should/would
進(jìn)行 been studying studying have been studying have been studying
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2、理解上表的要點(diǎn)：
1)、過(guò)去將來(lái)：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。
2)、完成時(shí)與完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比完成時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。
E：He has been watching TV for three hours (強(qiáng)調(diào)他還要看下去)
He has been watched TV for three hours(不一定要看下去了)
3、某些時(shí)態(tài)的不同表示方式：
1)、表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況的幾種形式：
a. shll/will +動(dòng)詞原形
b. be going to do sth 常用來(lái)表示最近打算要做的事情或即將發(fā)生的事
c. be to do sth 表示按計(jì)劃安排要做的事或要發(fā)生的事
d. be about to do sth 表示正要或即將要做的事
2)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
a. 表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生并已經(jīng)完成，且對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。常和以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：already / yet / before / recently / lately / often / rarely /once 等
E：The issue of "mercy killing"has recently boiled over into a fiere public debate in Europe
b. 表示動(dòng)作始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能不將持續(xù)下去。常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用：for some time , for three years, since, so far , in the past few years, all this while.
E：During the past few years,the public has focued on AIDS.
c. 可以用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)叢句中，表示將來(lái)業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作。
E：We’ll start at five o’clock if it has stopped snowing by then.
3)、注意點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用于下列句型：
a. It’s/it will be the first /second ……time/day that……
b.This /That is the +形容詞最高級(jí)
E1：It’s the first time I have been to ShangHai
E2：This is the second letter I’ve written to you this year
E3：It’s one of the most interesting books I have ever read
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用：yesterday,in 2001,a few year ago等，這些狀語(yǔ)一般只用在一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
