(1)as , like

as 表示"作為"強調身份，like (介詞)表示"像"

As a teacher, he cares for these children.

Like a teacher, he cares for these children.

(2)with , in

with 表示"外貌特征或附帶的東西" ," 用……作工具"

in 表示"衣著" "用某語言", 在固定搭配中也可用in

A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.

A man in black wanted to buy drinks.

The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.

He retold the text in English.

(3)for , to

for表示"為了."

To 表示動作對象, "對, 向." 如:

He would do anything for his motherland.

Did you mention this to my father?

你對我父親提起過這件事嗎?

for 表示"就某情況而說 ", to 表示一"對某對象而言"如：

It’s quite warm today for February.就二月的天氣，今天夠暖和的。

What he told you just now was not new to me

他剛才對你所說的話對我并不新鮮

for 表示"目的,用途"。與go, come 動詞連用