表語從句
表語從句就是用一個句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當,和連系動詞一起構成謂語
定義:主語 連系動詞 一個句子作表語---表語從句
表語從句定義:在一個復合句中,從句作的是主語的表語成分。
連接表語從句的連接詞有:
連詞:that, whether
連接代詞:what, who, , which, whoever,whomever,whichever ,whatever等
關系副詞:when, where,why, how
B連接表語從句的連接詞有:that, what, who, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoever,whomever,whichever ,whatever等
He has become a teacher.
他已經成為一名教師。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
他已經成為了他10年前想成為的。
She has remained there for an hour.
她曾在那里停留了一個小時。
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一個小時。
His suggestion is good.
他的建議是好的。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
他的建議是,我們應該保持冷靜。
注意
A表語從句一定要用陳述語序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B不可以用if,而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外)。
引導賓語從句時可以互換if/whether 位于介詞后要用whether
位于句首時要用whether
引導表語從句,主語從句,同位語從句時要用whether
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
C不像賓語從句,在有表語從句的復合句中,主句時態和從句時態可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
Dthat在表語從句中不可以省掉。
基本用法
表語從句只能置于主句之后,而主句的動詞只能是連系動詞。
名詞性從句在be等系動詞后作表語時被稱為表語從句
例如: The problem is how we can get the things we need.問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西。 (how 在表語從句中充當方式狀語)
The scissors are not what I need. 這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表語從句中充當賓語)
What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語, that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分, 不能省略)
That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對你講的。(what在表語從句中充當直接賓語)
That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語從句中充當原因狀語)
注意
1.“That is why...”是常用句型, 意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”, 其中why引導的名詞性從句在句中作表語, 該句型通常用于針對前面已經說明過的原因進行總結,
如: That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.
珍妮, 這就是現在這個老太婆出現在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異, 說話人對她講述了其中的原因之后,用這一句來進行概括)。
2. “That is why...” “That is the reason why...” “That is because...”辨析:
(1)“That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義,
從語法結構上講, “That is the reason why...”中why引導的是—個定語從句, 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結構一樣, 例如:
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此作表語, 這也是個常用句型, 意為“這就是為什么……/因為……”。
“That is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在于:
“That is because...”指原因或理由,
“That is why...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果,
例如:
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影, 那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業。(第一句話說明結果, 第二句話說明原因)
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影, 因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明原因, 第二句話說明結果)
案例分析
[考題1]
The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
[答案] D
[解析] 下劃線處之后是包含一個原因狀語從句的表語從句, 如果看不出它是充當整個句子結構的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思。因此, 應選擇可引導名詞性從句且不充當任何成分的that。
[考題2]
You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. (2004)
A. why B. where C. what D. how
[答案] B
[解析] 下劃線處的引導詞引導系動詞is后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當地點狀語(“disagree”屬于不及物動詞, “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結構), 下劃線應填入引導詞where, 表語從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”。
[考題3]
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999)
A. why B. when C. what D. where
[答案] A
[解析] 下劃線處的引導詞引導與系動詞is連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當原因狀語, 下劃線應填入表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的結果)的引導詞why。
____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
[答案] A
[解析] 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當賓語, 特指她所不理解的事情, 應填入關系代詞型的引導詞what; 第二個下劃線處表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的后果, 由why引導對應的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么……”(指原因、 理由, 由because引導對應的名詞性從句), 應填入引導詞why。
____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)
A. What; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because
[答案] B
[解析] 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當主語, 特指令校方驕傲的事情, 應選用關系代詞型的引導詞what; 第二個下劃線處引導表語從句表示原因、 理由, 應由that引導對應的名詞性從句。
— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh, that’s ____. (2003北京春)
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
[答案] A
[解析] A選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的事物”; B選項的意思是“我覺得激動的任何事物”; C選項的意思是“我對它感覺的方式”; D選項的意思是“令我感覺激動的時間”。四個選項中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語that對應, 充當表語從句。
表語從句與賓語從句的關系
賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當賓語的句子叫賓語從句,充當表語的句子叫表語從句。
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