表語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。說明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)
定義：主語(yǔ) 連系動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)句子作表語(yǔ)---表語(yǔ)從句
表語(yǔ)從句定義：在一個(gè)復(fù)合句中，從句作的是主語(yǔ)的表語(yǔ)成分。
連接表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：
連詞：that, whether
連接代詞：what, who, , which, whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等
關(guān)系副詞：when, where，why, how
B連接表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等
He has become a teacher.
他已經(jīng)成為一名教師。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.
他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的。
She has remained there for an hour.
她曾在那里停留了一個(gè)小時(shí)。
She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.
她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一個(gè)小時(shí)。
His suggestion is good.
他的建議是好的。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
他的建議是，我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。
注意
A表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語(yǔ)從句(as if 例外)。
引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以互換if/whether 位于介詞后要用whether
位于句首時(shí)要用whether
引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要用whether
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
C不像賓語(yǔ)從句，在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
Dthat在表語(yǔ)從句中不可以省掉。
基本用法
表語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動(dòng)詞只能是連系動(dòng)詞。
名詞性從句在be等系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)時(shí)被稱為表語(yǔ)從句
例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.問題是我們?cè)鯓幽芘轿覀冃枰臇|西。 (how 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ))
The scissors are not what I need. 這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ))
What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告訴他的是我會(huì)給他找個(gè)好劇本。(what在主語(yǔ)從句中作直接賓語(yǔ)， that作為表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分， 不能省略)
That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對(duì)你講的。(what在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ))
That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ))
注意
1.“That is why...”是常用句型， 意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”， 其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語(yǔ)， 該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié)，
如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.
珍妮， 這就是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對(duì)老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異， 說話人對(duì)她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來進(jìn)行概括)。
2. “That is why...” “That is the reason why...” “That is because...”辨析：
(1)“That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義，
從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講， “That is the reason why...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句， 將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣， 例如：
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 這就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語(yǔ)， 這也是個(gè)常用句型， 意為“這就是為什么……/因?yàn)椤薄?/p>
“That is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在于：
“That is because...”指原因或理由，
“That is why...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果，
例如：
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影， 那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(第一句話說明結(jié)果， 第二句話說明原因)
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影， 因此他昨天晚上沒有去看。(第一句話說明原因， 第二句話說明結(jié)果)
案例分析
[考題1]
The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
[答案] D
[解析] 下劃線處之后是包含一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)從句， 如果看不出它是充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語(yǔ)從句將難以把握整個(gè)句子的意思。因此， 應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的that。
[考題2]
You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree. (2004)
A. why B. where C. what D. how
[答案] B
[解析] 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)系動(dòng)詞is后的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(“disagree”屬于不及物動(dòng)詞， “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu))， 下劃線應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞where， 表語(yǔ)從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”。
[考題3]
— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999)
A. why B. when C. what D. where
[答案] A
[解析] 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動(dòng)詞is連用的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)， 下劃線應(yīng)填入表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導(dǎo)詞why。
____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
[答案] A
[解析] 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)， 特指她所不理解的事情， 應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what; 第二個(gè)下劃線處表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的后果， 由why引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么……”(指原因、 理由， 由because引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句)， 應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞why。
____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)
A. What; because B. What; that
C. That; what D. That; because
[答案] B
[解析] 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)， 特指令校方驕傲的事情， 應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what; 第二個(gè)下劃線處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表示原因、 理由， 應(yīng)由that引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句。
— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
— Oh, that’s ____. (2003北京春)
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
[答案] A
[解析] A選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺激動(dòng)的事物”; B選項(xiàng)的意思是“我覺得激動(dòng)的任何事物”; C選項(xiàng)的意思是“我對(duì)它感覺的方式”; D選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺激動(dòng)的時(shí)間”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A最適合跟代表“game”的主語(yǔ)that對(duì)應(yīng)， 充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)從句。
表語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系
賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的句子叫表語(yǔ)從句。
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