主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的核心,它們有兩種語(yǔ)序: 主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之前稱為自然語(yǔ)序(Natural Order);主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之后則稱為倒裝語(yǔ)序(Inverted Order),目的是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)突出或結(jié)構(gòu)平衡。倒裝句通常出現(xiàn)在正式文體中。
倒裝語(yǔ)序分為:完全倒裝、部分倒裝。今天,我們來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)完全倒裝。
完全倒裝又稱“全部倒裝”,是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前,主要有以下幾種情況:
1. 將表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí),句子需要全部倒裝:
樓前有個(gè)葡萄園。
自然語(yǔ)序:A vineyard is in front of the building.
倒裝語(yǔ)序:In front of the building is a vineyard.
游行的人沿街而行。
The marchers walked down the street.
Down the street walked the marchers.
我的學(xué)校隔壁是一家醫(yī)院。
A hospital is next to my school.
Next to my school is a hospital.
2. 在以 there/here 引導(dǎo)的句子,后面的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要全部倒裝:
在海邊住著一位老漁夫。
There lived an old fisherman near the sea.
鈴響了!
There goes the bell!
公共汽車來(lái)了。
Here comes the bus.
您的雨傘和外套在這里。
Here is your umbrella and your coat.
注意:主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)不能倒裝。
Here you are. 給你。
There it is. 它在那兒呢。
3. 以down,up,in,out,here, away,off , over等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子,后面的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)要全部倒裝:
法官坐了下去,開(kāi)始審問(wèn)那個(gè)殺人犯。
The judge sat down and began to question the murderer.
Down sat the judge and began to question the murderer.
小偷跑了出去。
The thief ran out.
Out ran the thief.
門開(kāi)了,進(jìn)來(lái)一個(gè)警察。
The door opened, a policeman came in.
The door opened, in came a policeman.
賽跑選手們跑遠(yuǎn)了。
The runners went away.
Away went the runners.
以上就是倒裝句的基本知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望對(duì)同學(xué)們有所裨益。