主謂一致

I．要點

謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致，主謂一致包括語法一致、意義上一致和就近一致。

1、語法上一致

（1）、以單數名詞或代詞，動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數，主語為復數時，謂語用復數，如，

To work hard is necessary for a student.

（2）、用and或both……and連接的并列主語，謂語動詞用復數，如，

Both he and I are right.

但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數，如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

（3）、主語是單數時，盡管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like等，謂語動詞仍用單數，如，

The teacher as well as his students is excited.

（4）、某些不定代詞，如做主語，謂語動詞要用單數，如:Everyone has a book.

（5）、一些只有復數形式的名詞，如people, cattle, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數，如，A lot of people are dancing outside.

2、意義上一致

（1）、表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數，如，

Twenty years is not a long time.

（2）、表示總稱意義的名詞public, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數，如，

People are talking about the accident.

（3）、有些集合名詞，如family, team等作主語，如作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數，如指其中每個成員，則用復數，如，

My family is a big one.

My family are watching TV.

3、鄰近一致

用連詞or, either……or, neither……nor, whether……or, not only…but also,等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數，一個是復數，則謂語動詞按就近一致原則，與最靠近它的主語一致，如，

Either you or I am mad.

II．例題

例1、The chemical works _______ where my father has worked for thirty years in 1949.

A. was built B. were built C. is built D. are built

解析：該題答案為A。works形式上是復數，意思上是單數，因此謂語動詞用單數，類似的還有news, maths, politics, physics.

例2、They each _______ a copy of the new physics.

A. have B. has C. having D. gets

解析：該題答案為A。They each不等于each of …, each of 這個詞組作主語謂語用單數如each of the students hands in their homework，而they each作主語，謂語要隨each前面的詞來變化。