中國人輕松學英語常用語法(9)

第九章 動詞如何轉換成名詞

動名詞（Gerund）和不定詞（Infinitive）

9§1 問題的來源

對我們說中文的人而言，一個字究竟是動詞，還是名詞，其實是很少人知道的，對一般人而言，〝唱歌〞是動詞，但是如果我們說，〝唱歌是有益的〞，我們又發現〝唱歌〞其實也是名詞。〝我愛唱歌〞，這句話中，〝唱歌〞也是名詞。

英文就不同了，英文里很少有一個字，又是動詞，又是名詞的，sing是動詞，絕不能當很名詞用。怪不得有很多中國人會說

＊Sing is good for you. 或者是＊I like sing.

既然sing是動詞，也沒有一個〝sing〞的名詞，怎么辦呢？英文解套的辦法很有趣，他們用動名詞（gerund）和不定詞（infinitive）來將一個動詞改成一個名詞。

9§2 動名詞（Gerund）

所謂動名詞，乃是將一個動詞，字尾加上ing，一夜之間，這個動詞就可以當作名詞用了。請看以下的例子：

I like singing.

Playing basketball is good for you.

Do you enjoy listening to classical music?

Is traveling around the world meaningful to you?

Studying English is not difficult.

我們不妨將動名詞的用法分一下類：

1.動名詞可用作主詞，如

Playing tennis is enjoyed by many people.

Taking drugs is avoided by most people.

Being kind to others is important for every one.

Respecting your parents shows good character.

2.動名詞可以用作動詞的受詞，如

I enjoy studying English.

He does not mind walking long distances.

I have never enjoyed being alone in my life.

He loves swimming.

3.動名詞可以用作介系詞（preposition）的受詞，英文里有很多介系詞，at, in, about, of, on等等都是介系詞，介系詞后面必定跟一個名詞，也是它的受詞，舉例來說

on the table

in my home

about Hitler

of my life

on this island

各位一定注意到，每一個介系詞后面都有一個名詞，作為它的受詞。

動名詞是可以作為介系詞的受詞的，如：

This book is about traveling.

He is responsible for cleaning the kitchen.

My brother is capable of writing programs.

You just keep on going straight.

在下面，我們要給各位更多有關gerund的例子，各位不妨看看每一個句子中，那個動名詞是作什么用的。

Instead of swimming, he walks every morning.

He likes walking in the woods.

Are you interested in playing tennis?

Loving is to be kind to others.

Reading is important to students.

In addition to traveling, he also likes reading novels.

You will be happy by helping others.

He is worried about being late.

I finished writing the report yesterday.

They thanked me for lending them money.

He has never finished writing the novel.

She is in change of teaching English in our school.

My father objected to my going to the summer camp.

Please stop joking about my brother.

I look forward to seeing you.

He has never enjoyed traveling.

She was excited about going abroad.

I consider gambling a bad thing to do.

I have never dreamed of flying an airplane.

He suggested talking to our teacher.

I believe in doing some kind of exercise every day.

Playing the piano is no fun at all.

Nancy is accustomed to sleeping late.

Are you tired of driving for so long?

You should forgive others for doing wrong things.

He insists on getting up early every morning.

Thank you for participating in my concert.

He is used to studying alone.

They are not used to speaking English.

He is accustomed to being polite to others.

I object to seeing dirty movies.

You should take advantage of studying in such a good place.

【練習三十八】

改正以下的錯誤

1.＊Play tennis is fun.

2.＊I hate swim.

3.＊Stop talk about me.

4.＊In addition to read interesting books, you should also watch TV from time to time.

5.＊I am not interested in swim.

6.＊He talks about go to America.

7.＊I believe in do exercise every day.

8.＊The cost of transfer a student to another school is very high.

9.＊Please forgive me for make this mistake.

10.＊Swim keeps me from getting cold.