◆manage v.
1. 表示能夠做某事或成功地做某事,其后可接不定式,但不接動名詞。如:
How did you manage to finish it so soon? 你怎么這樣快就完成了?
Unfortunately I didn’t manage to pass the exam. 不幸的是我未能通過考試。
注:有時用作反語,意為“竟做出”。如:
He managed to break at least six windows. 他竟至少打破了六個窗戶。
2. 表示能對付、能做到、拿得動、吃得下等義,通常與情態動詞can, could 連用。如:
I can’t manage another mouthful. 我一口也吃不下了。
A:Do you need any help with the heavy bag? 要幫忙提這個 重袋子嗎?
B:No, thanks. I can manage (it). 不用了,謝謝,我能行。
◆manner n.
1. 表示“禮貌”、“規矩”,通常用復數形式。用作主語時,謂語一般也用復數。如:
Where are your manners? 你還有沒有禮貌?
Mind [Remember] your manners. 注意禮貌(規矩)。
It’s bad manners to stare at people. 瞪著眼睛看人是不禮貌的。
注:有時表示彬彬有禮的樣子或表示“風度”。如:
His manners were charming. 他風度翩翩。
2. 表示“態度”,一般只用單數。如:
I don’t like his manner. 我不喜歡他的態度。
3. 表示“方式”、“方法”,通常用單數形式,有時可與 way換用。表示以某種方式或方法,通常用介詞 in。如:
Do it in this manner (=way). 用這種方法做。
I don’t like the manner (=way) in which you do it. / I don’t like your manner (=way) of doing it. 我不喜歡你這種做法。
◆many & much adj. & pron.
1. 兩者都表示“許多”,但 many 修飾或代替可數名詞(復數),與 few(少數)相對;而 much 用來修飾或代替不可數名詞(單數),與little(少量)相對。在口語中兩者主要用于非肯定句中。如:
Did you see many people there? 你在那兒看見許多人了嗎?
We don’t have much time. 我們沒有許多時間。
How many children do you have? 你有幾個小孩?
在肯定句中,一般用 a lot of, lots of, plenty of等代之。如:
We don’t plant many trees, but we plant a lot of flowers. 他們樹種得不多、但花栽了不少。
但是,在下列情況兩者也常見于肯定句。如:
(1) 用作主語或主語的定語時:
Many of us left early. 我們有許多人離開得很早。
Much work has been done. 許多工作都已經做也。
(2) 其前有 how, too, as, so, a good, a great 等修飾時:
You’ve given me too much. 你已給我太多了。
Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。
I asked her a great many questions. 我問了她許多問題。
注:在正式文體中,many, much 用于肯定句的情況也很普遍。
2. many of 和 much of之后接名詞時,該名詞必須有表特指的限定詞(the, these, those, my, our 等)修飾。如:
誤:Many of students have read it.
正:Many of the students have read it. 許多學生讀過它。
誤:Much of time was wasted.
正:Much of the time was wasted. 大部分時間都浪費了。
3. 兩者都可與 more 連用,其區別仍然是 many more之后接復數名詞,much more 之后接不可數名詞。如:
There are many more people than I expected. 到的人比我預計的要多得多。
There’s much more water in the river than usual. 河里的水比往常多得多。
4. 一般不單獨用作表語,但在正式文體中,有時也可以用作表語(尤其是與 few 對比使用時)。如:
His faults are many. 他的錯誤很多。
We are many but they are few. 我們人多而他們人少。
注:在口語中或非正式文體中一般不這樣用。如:
屋里有許多人。
不說:The people in the room are many.
應說:There are many people in the room.
5. 注意“many a+單數可數名詞”的用法:形式上為單數,但意義上為復數(意為“許多”),若用作主語,其謂語通常與形式一致而不與意義一致(即謂語用單數)。如:
Many a student has seen the film. 許多學生看過這部電影。
We have been there many a time. 我們去過那兒許多次。
注:“many a+單數名詞”是一個十分正式的結構,在口語或非正式文體中一般都用 many+復數名詞”代之。
(實習編輯:于曉偉)