省略句錯誤
省略是指在不影響句子意思明了、清楚的前提下，將句子中的某些成分省略掉，從而使所表達的內(nèi)容更加緊湊和簡潔。有時命題人將省略引入考試，或考查考生對省略句的理解，或以省略為干擾，考查其他相關(guān)知識點，等等，從而出現(xiàn)了不少所謂的“陷阱題”。同學(xué)們，你能正確理解這些省略句嗎？你能將這些省略補充完整以助于分析嗎？請看實例：
◇She’s too thin. She _________ gain some weight but she _________ too little.
A. would, ateB. will, eats C. would, eats D. will, ate
你知道此題的最佳答案嗎？你知道此題涉及什么樣的省略嗎？你會分析此題的省略與選擇最佳答案的關(guān)系嗎？請參見本節(jié)后面有關(guān)例題。
◇He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _________ to.
A. spoken B. speaking C. speak D. be spoken
【分析】此題答案選A還是B，或是選C還是D？此題也涉及省略，你會補充完整嗎？請看本節(jié)有關(guān)例題。
◇“I love you more than her, my dear.” “You mean more than _________love her or more thanshe loves _________?”
A. you, meB. she, you C. I, meD. I, you
【分析】此題到底講的是誰更愛誰？填空句有何省略？怎樣補充完整？如何推出最佳答案？請看本節(jié)有關(guān)例題。
◇If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If _________, _________.
A. not, notB. no, noC. not, no D. no, not
是 no 還是 not，是 not 還是 no？要想選對，當(dāng)然應(yīng)知道如何將補充完整，你會嗎？請看本節(jié)有關(guān)例題。
1. I want to improve my English, but I don’t know _________. What can you suggest?
A. when B. how C. why D. where
【分析】此題應(yīng)選 B，其余三項均有可能誤選，其實此句為省略句，補完整應(yīng)為 … but I don’tknow how to improve my English. 請看以下類似試題：
(1) I think the door is locked, but I’d better go and make sure it _________.
A. does B. has C. was D. is
答案選D，為 …and make sure it is locked. 之省略。
(2) Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember _________.
A. whereB. thereC. whichD. that
答案選C，為I can’t remember which city he comes from. 之省略。
(3) Some of the answers were correct, but I don’t remember _________.
A. whereB. whatC. whichD. that
答案選C，I don’t remember which 后省略了 ones (were correct)。
(3) He didn’t sell half as many computers as he thought he _________.
A. hadB. wasC. wouldD. sold
答案選C，為He didn’t sell half as many computers as he thought he would sell. 之省略。
(4) I touched the door to see if the paint was still wet, and it _________.
A. did B. wasC. hadD. might
答案選B，為…and it was wet. 之省略。
2. “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_________ I was last night.”
A. ThatB. WhenC. Where D. What
【分析】此題應(yīng)選 C，其余三項均有可能誤選，答句為省略句，其完整形式為 I was trying toprove to the police where I was last night. 。請看以下類似試題：
(1) “What made her so happy?” “_________ her son passed the college entrance examinations.”
A. That B. 不填C. Since D. For
【分析】此題選A，為That her son passed the college entrance examinations made her so happy. 之省略。
(2) “What made you so upset?” “_________ my wallet.”
A. Lost B. LosingC. Having lost D. Being lost
【分析】此題選B，為 Losing my wallet made me so upset. 之省略。
(3) “What did she tell you?” “_________ she would be late”
A. That B. When C. WhereD. Whether
【分析】此題選A，為 She told me that would be late. 之省略。
(4) “What did he ask you?” “_________ I would be late.”
A. That B. When C. WhereD. Whether
【分析】此題選D，為 He asked me whether I would be late. 之省略。
3. If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If _________, _________.
A. not, not B. no, noC. not, noD. no, not
【分析】此題應(yīng)選A。If not, not. 為 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go. 全句意為“如果天氣好, 我們就去；如果天氣不好，我們就不去”。該句的特點是：后句與前句的用詞和句式完全相同, 只是前句為肯定，后句為否定，為了簡潔起見, 于是將后句與前句相同部分省略，只保留否定詞 not。又如：
If it is cheap, I’ll buy it. If not, not. 如果這東西便宜，我就買；如果不便宜，我就不買。
If you study hard, you’ll succeed. If not, not. 你若努力，你就會成功；你若不努力，你就不會成功。
If you start at once, you’ll catch the train. If not, not. 你若馬上動身，你就會趕上火車；你若不馬上動身，你就趕不上火車了。
請再看以下例子(只保留否定詞not)。如：
“Can you repair it yourself?” “I am afraid not.” “你自己會修嗎?”“恐怕不行。”(=I am afraid I can’trepair it myself.)
“Did you know anything about it?” “Not until you told me.” “這事你以前知道嗎?”“你告訴我才知道。”(=I didn’t know anything about it until you told me.)
“Will it rain today?” “I hope not.” “今天會下雨嗎?”“希望不會。”(=I hope it will not rain today.)
4. “She’s not a dancing teacher, is she?” “_________.”
A. Yes, and she isn’t B. Yes, but she was
C. No, but she isn’tD. No, but she was
【分析】此題最佳答案為D，可視為 No, she isn’t. But she was a dancing teacher. 之省略，即其意為“她現(xiàn)在不是舞蹈教師，但她過去是”。此題也可以是 No, but she used to be.
5. She’s too thin. She _________ gain some weight but she _________ too little.
A. would, ateB. will, eatsC. would, eatsD. will, ate
【分析】此題有些難度，許多同學(xué)不知如何分析。我們先根據(jù)題目所提供的選項將句意大致勾出來：她太瘦了。她會增加體重的，但她吃得太少了。根據(jù)句首 She’s too thin 這一所給信息可知，“她瘦”應(yīng)是客觀事實。按照一般的常識，“吃得少”就會引致“瘦”，“吃得多”就會導(dǎo)致“胖”，由于根據(jù)句首的信息，“她瘦”是客觀事實，所以她“吃得少”也應(yīng)是事實，所以第二空應(yīng)填 eats(即用一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀事實)。根據(jù)上面的分析：“她瘦”和“她吃得少”均為客觀事實，那么“她體重會增加”就應(yīng)是假設(shè)(注意句中的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but)，所以第一空應(yīng)填 would，其實，此句可理解其后省略了一個條件狀語 if she ate more (如果她多吃一點的話)。此題最佳答案選C。
