1)指事物,人(不明性別或何人時),嬰孩、動物(不提性別)或昆蟲等。
例:"Where is my watch, dear?"
(我的手表在哪兒,親愛的?)
"I saw it in your drawer last night."
(昨晚我看到它在你的抽屜里。)
例:"Who is it?"
(是誰?──如敲門時,不明對方的性別或何人。)
"It’s me, Peter."
(是我,彼得。)
例:Mrs. Huang had a baby last night.It weighs 4 kilos.
(黃太太昨夜生了一個嬰兒,體重達四公斤。)
例:What’s that?
(那是什么?)
It’s a silkworm.
(是蠶。)
(2)表達時間、日期、季節、天氣、距離、環境等。
例:"What time is it?"-"It’s five to twelve."
(幾點鐘了?──現在是十一點五十五分。)
例:"What’s the date?"-"It is the third of October."
(今天幾錄溉眨咯ぉそ裉焓鞘氯鍘#?br> 例:It is very hot in summer.
(夏天的天氣都是很熱。)
例:How far is it from here to the station?
(這里到車站有多遠?)
例:I like it here very much.
(我很喜歡這里的環境。)
(3)表達強調
句型It +be…+that(who)…
例:It was Paul that (who) broke the window.
(=Paul broke the window.)
(打破了窗的人是保羅。)
解說 "It… that…"是表達強調的正常句式,但是若強調點是"人",則使用"It…who…"也很普通。本句式可用于一個句子中的任何強調點,例如:
例:Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.
→It was Peter who met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.
(昨天在戲院看到海倫和比爾的人是彼得。)
→It was Helen and Bill that Peter met at the theater yesterday.
(昨天彼得在戲院所遇見的人是海倫和比爾。)
→It was at the theater that Peter met Helen and Bill yesterday.
(昨天彼得遇見海倫和比爾的地點是戲院。)
→It was yesterday that Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater.
(彼得在戲院遇見海倫和比爾的時間是昨天。)
(4)形式主語
例:It is shameful the way he behaves himself before girls.
(他在女生面前的舉止真叫人臉紅。)
例:It is easy to find fault with others.
(批評別人是容易的。)
例:It is wrong for you to speak ill of her.
(你講她的壞話是不對的。)
例:It is a great convenience living / to live in a big city.
(住在大城市里事事都方便。)
例:It is surprising that she should have married a farmer.
(她居然和農民結婚實在令人意想不到。)
解說 上面各例句都可以把"It"所代表的實際主語移到句首來,例如:
The way he behaves himself before girls is shameful.
To find fault with others is easy.
雖然如此,現代英語仍以"I…"較普通。
(5)形式賓語
例:I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination.
(我認為考試作弊是不對的。)
例:Don’t you find it a waste of time watching television too much?
(你不覺得電視看得太多是浪費時間嗎?)
例:I thought it strange that Jack should have had so much money to spend these days.
(我覺得杰克近日來會有這么多的錢可花費是一件奇怪的事。)
解說 本句式都用于有賓語補語的不完全及物動詞的句子,"it"代表著賓語補語之后的實際賓語(不定式、動名詞、或that-clause)。本句式的實際賓語不可以移入"it"的位置而把"it"省略。常可用本句式來表達的不完全及物動詞有:
find(發現,覺得),think(想,覺得),believe(相信),consider(認為),make,take,etc.
(6)"it"可以代表前述的短語或句子
例:Don’t let your children play with matches or lighters.It is dangerous.
(不要讓你的小孩們玩火柴或打火機。那是危險的。)
例:"Jim can solve that puzzle."
(吉姆能解答那個謎題。)
"I don’t believe it."
(我不相信。)
(7)"it"常作非人稱動詞的主語
例:It happened that I was there then.
(碰巧當時我也在場。)
例:It appears that he’ll be elected.
(他像是會當選的樣子。)
例:It occurred to me then that I had an appointment with her that evening.
(當時我突然想起來我本來和她在當天晚上有約會。)