Employers assume that those they hire know how to perform certain tasks. For example your boss will expect you to know how to write a professional email and answer the phone properly. Those tasks are pretty simple, but others are a bit more complicated—for example apologizing for a mistake. That’s not something everyone knows how to do. Here are 8 tasks, some simple and some not, that everyone must master:

雇主希望員工能夠完成一些日常任務，如寫一封有水平的郵件或者是得體地接聽電話等。類似這樣的任務其實是相當簡單的，但是別的就復雜一點，就如在犯錯之后及時道歉，這并不是每個人都知道怎么處理的。接下來向大家介紹8項日常的基本任務，有些比較簡單，有些比較困難，但是是每個人都應該了解和掌握的事情。

1. Sending a Professional Email: If you are under the age of 30 it’s very likely you have been using email since you’ve known how to write. What you may not know is that there’s a big difference between sending email to your friends and using this medium for work-related correspondence. For example, you may write in all lowercase letters, use slang and abbreviations, and perhaps even let misspellings and bad grammar go by, when sending email to your friends. Those are some of the "do nots" to which you should be attentive when corresponding with coworkers, your boss or clients.

1. 寫商務郵件：只要你還很年輕，發送電子郵件對于你來說只是小菜一碟。不過你可能不知道的是，寫給朋友的郵件與工作伙伴間的通訊郵件是大不相同的。例如，在給朋友寫信的時候，你可能會使用小寫字母，俚語或縮寫，甚至有時候單詞拼寫錯誤，語法混亂，不過這都沒有關系，因為你們的關系親近，理解對方。而一旦你給工作伙伴，老板或客戶寫郵件的時候，這些錯誤就一定要避免了。

2. Writing a Memo or Business Letter: It’s hard to imagine having to send a paper copy of a memo or letter instead of an email, but it could happen. In case it ever does, you should know how to do it properly.

2. 寫備忘和商務信函：很難想象，在當今社會還存在寄信的情況，不過這確實存在。為了應對這種情況，你需要了解商務信函的正確格式。

3. Answering the Telephone and Making Phone Calls: You’ve been making and receiving phone calls your entire life. Of course you know how to do this very simple task: you pick up the phone and say hello (or if making a call, you ask for the person to whom you want to speak). That’s fine for personal phone calls but not for business calls. When you answer a call you should always identify yourself by name and state the name of your department or company. Give your name to the person who answers the phone when you are the caller and then tell him or her who you are trying to reach.

3. 撥打和接聽電話：在你的人生中，已經撥打和接聽過無數電話了。當然你知道接聽電話是一件很簡單的事情：拿起電話說hello(或者是打電話，請你想找的人接聽電話)就可以了。不過這只限于打私人電話，商務通話則不行。每當你接聽商務電話的時候，請切記報上自己的名字和所在的部門或公司。把你的名字告訴接聽電話的人，并告訴他你想要請誰來接聽電話。

4. Making Introductions: When you meet someone new it is polite to introduce yourself to him or her. It is also polite to introduce people to one another. In a work-related situation it is always best to use first and last names. For example, say "Hello. I’m Mary Smith" when you meet someone for the first time. You can also do this when you run into someone you’ve met before but whose name you don’t remember. In that case, you can add "I know we’ve met before but I’m afraid I’ve forgotten your name." Chances are they don’t remember yours either! When introducing others say, for example, "John Jones, I’d like you to meet Peter Smith."

4. 自我介紹：與別人初次見面，自我介紹是有禮貌的行為。在職場，最好使用全名。例如，在第一次與別人見面的時候，你可以說”Hello, I’m Mary Smith.” 你也可以在忘記了別人的名字的時候這樣做。當然，也有可能是他們忘了你的名字。在這種情況下，你可以補充道，“我們之前見過面，但是我可能忘了您的名字。”。當介紹別人的時候，你可以這樣說， “John Jones, I’d like you to meet Peter Smith.”

5. Taking Minutes at a Meeting: Many jobs involve attending meetings, at least occasionally. Often it is required that written records, called minutes, be kept of these meetings. At some point, the person running the meeting may turn to you to take these minutes. This will require keeping track of attendees and carefully taking notes of all discussions. You will also have to type up the minutes after the meeting.

5. 會議記錄：很多職業場合或多或少都要開會，并且通常都需要會議記錄。此時，會議的指導者會請你把會議內容記錄下來。此時你需要細心詳細地記錄下每一位參與會議的人員的發言，會議過后你還要把記錄打印出來。

6. Writing a ’To Do’ List: Most jobs involve juggling multiple tasks. The best way to keep track of all of them is to keep a to do list. Write down all the tasks for which you are responsible, prioritized by the order in which you must complete them. Include due dates. Whether you use a smart phone app, computer software or a piece of paper, make sure you can either check off or cross out items as you complete them.

6. 編寫待辦事項：很多職業都要求員工完成多種任務。為了不會遺漏任何一件任務，最好的方法就是把它們一一羅列出來。把所有的事情以完成的緊急性按順序寫下來，要記得把截止期限也寫上，這樣才不會有錯失。在使用智能手機的應用，電腦軟件或者用紙條寫下來的時候，要確保你可以隨時查看并且能夠標記已完成事項。

7. Apologizing for a Mistake: In order to apologize for a mistake, you will have to admit you made it. That’s a hard thing to do but it’s necessary. It is imperative that you act quickly—as soon as you realize your error, talk to your boss or whomever will it will effect. Try to have a plan in mind to correct the mistake.

7. 犯錯后道歉：在道歉前，你必須承認自己犯了錯。雖然這不是一件容易的事情，但是是必須的。并且越快越好，一旦發現出錯了，要對可能造成影響的上司馬上匯報情況，并且要有改錯的意識。

8. Calling in Sick: No one likes getting sick but, even more than that, most people hate calling in sick. A precarious job market has led us to believe our presence at the office (or wherever your workplace happens to be) is of the utmost importance. While it is true that you shouldn’t take sick days unnecessarily, you should try to avoid infecting your coworkers—stay home if you have a something they could catch! A phone call is usually the best way to inform your boss of your absence but make sure to follow your employer’s notification procedures.

8. 請病假：沒有人希望生病，不過更有甚者，人們都不喜歡請病假。當前不穩定的就業環境要求我們隨時待命。但是不應該帶病上班，以免傳染給同事，那么就呆在家吧!最好的方法就是及時打電話請假，要注意不要在不適合的時間給上司打電話，以免打擾到上司。