倒裝句
一.概念:
英語(yǔ)句子通常有兩種語(yǔ)序:一種主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后,稱(chēng)為自然語(yǔ)序,另一種謂語(yǔ)在前,主語(yǔ)在后,稱(chēng)為倒裝語(yǔ)序。
二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
按“主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)” 這種順序排列的句子是陳述語(yǔ)序。如果排列順序變?yōu)椤爸^語(yǔ)( 或謂語(yǔ)一部分)+主語(yǔ)”，就是倒裝。倒裝句分為：
完全倒裝： 整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)移至主語(yǔ)前面叫完全倒裝。
部分倒裝： 只把助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前叫部分倒裝。
1. 當(dāng)以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子，為了起到強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用，可構(gòu)成倒裝句，只把副詞放在句首，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)位置調(diào)換，不加助動(dòng)詞。
Our teacher came in.
In came our teacher.
這種倒裝要求：主語(yǔ)必須是名詞。主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序不變。
Here it is.
Away he went.
這類(lèi)倒裝句式一般只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boys.
2. how, then, just, often 表示時(shí)間的副詞放在句首，可構(gòu)成倒裝句，只把副詞放在句首，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)位置調(diào)換，不加助動(dòng)詞。
Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War.
3. 表地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首，要用倒裝句式，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
這種倒裝句也是主謂直接調(diào)換位置，不加助動(dòng)詞did, does或do.
Under a big tree ________, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man
4. there放在句首時(shí)，要用倒裝句式。
在“there + be”結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)不用be , 而用表示類(lèi)似“存在”觀念的其他不及物動(dòng)詞。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
In front of the tower flews a stream.
5. so + 動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
neither/ nor + 動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
表示兩人的同樣一個(gè)情況時(shí)，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
否則要用so it is with…
You can ride a bike. So can I .
He has been to Beijing. So have I .
The first one isn’t good, neither is the second.
His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.
6. so+ 形容詞/副詞that 的結(jié)構(gòu)狀語(yǔ)從句可以用正常語(yǔ)序表示，也可以把so+形容詞/副詞放于句首構(gòu)成倒裝。句型如下： so +形容詞/副詞+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞that +從句。
Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
= So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.
7. done做形容詞在句中做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，常把表語(yǔ)放在句首，要用倒裝句式。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
8. 否定副詞not , never, seldom, nowhere, little , rarely 放于句首時(shí)要用倒裝句式。
We seldom get up at four in the morning.
= Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.
Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.
Rarely have I heard of such a silly thing.
9. hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than… 可以用正常語(yǔ)序 had hardly done when… did 或用倒裝句式Hardly had + 主語(yǔ)+ done when… did 句式。hardly所在的句子用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
The bell hardly had rung when the class began.= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.
10. not only… but also 如連接兩個(gè)成分時(shí)，不用倒裝;連接句子時(shí)， 前面的句子要用倒裝。
Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.
Not only does he speak English very well, but also he speaks French well.
11. only 及所修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí)，要用：
only+ 狀語(yǔ)+ be /助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)及其他
Only when he told me the news did I know what had happened.
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
12. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的倒裝句
If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.
三.鞏固練習(xí)
1._______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat
2.______ and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in came
C. In came he D. came in Mr Brown
3. Over _______, dead.
A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goat
C. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled
