3.9 指示代詞

1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式，既可作限定詞又可做代詞。例如：

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

限定詞

This girl is Mary.

Those men are my teachers.

代詞

This is Mary.

Those are my teachers.

2) 指示代詞的句法功能;

a. 作主語。例如：

This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。

b. 作賓語。例如：

I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。

c. 作主語補(bǔ)語。例如：

My point is this. 我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。

d. 作介詞賓語。例如：

I don’t say no to that. 我并未拒絕那個(gè)。

There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。

說明1：指示代詞在作主語時(shí)可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物，不能指人。例如：

(對(duì))That is my teacher.那是我的老師。(that作主語，指人)

(對(duì))He is going to marry this girl.他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)

(錯(cuò))He is going to marry this.(this作賓語時(shí)不能指人)

(對(duì))I bought this.我買這個(gè)。(this指物，可作賓語)

說明2：That和those可作定語從句的先行詞，但this和 these不能，同時(shí)，在作先行詞時(shí)，只有those可指人，試比較：

(對(duì)) He admired that which looked beautiful.他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。

(對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

(錯(cuò)) He admired that who danced well.(that作賓語時(shí)不能指人)

(對(duì)) He admired those who danced well.他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)

(對(duì)) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)