分詞作定語
1.分詞前置
We can see the rising sun.
我們可以看到東升的旭日
He is a retired worker.
他是位退休的工人。
2.分詞后置 (i.分詞詞組；ii.個(gè)別分詞如given, left； iii.修飾不定代詞something等)
There was a girl sitting there.
有個(gè)女孩坐在那里。
This is the question given.
這是所給的問題。
There is nothing interesting.
沒有有趣的東西。
過去分詞作定語：與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例題
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 書與寫作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞做定語表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于定語從句which is written
2）What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak
答案B. 主語language與謂語動(dòng)詞之間有被動(dòng)的含義。
spoken是動(dòng)詞speak的過去分詞形式，在句中作定語，修飾主語language, spoken與language有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
該句可以理解為：
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
分詞作狀語
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于沒有收到他的信，我給他打了電話。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多給些照顧，那些樹會(huì)長得更好。
典型例題
1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon與follow之間有被動(dòng)的含義。being followed除表達(dá)被動(dòng)之外，還有動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之意。followed by（被...跟隨）。
本題可改為：With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，為主動(dòng)。用現(xiàn)在分詞。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本題要選一分詞作為狀語。現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行的；過去分詞表被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的。對(duì)于液體來說是加熱的受動(dòng)者，是被動(dòng)的，因而選C。它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句 When it is heated，...
注意： 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。
(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很長時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用。
