內(nèi) 容 提 要
-ED分詞即我們平常所說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。它有兩種形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞形式由規(guī)則動(dòng)詞+-ED構(gòu)成;不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞有其特殊的-ED分詞。在語(yǔ)法功能上，它在句子中所能承擔(dān)的成分基本與-ING分詞相同，可以作表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，也可以用在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含義是“被動(dòng)”的。-ED分詞在語(yǔ)法功能和意義上與-ING分詞有一定的區(qū)別。
I -ED分詞的用法
一、-ED分詞作表語(yǔ)
The glass is broken. / He was amused. / She seemed quite disappointed. / He is greatly discouraged by her refusal of inviting her to the party. / The window remains locked.
已經(jīng)形容詞化了的-ED分詞大都作表語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有：accomplished, amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, complicated, confused, crowded, deserted, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, dressed, drunk, exhausted, excited, experienced, fadded, fascinated, frightened, hurt, inexperienced, interested, known, learned, lost, married, pleased, puzzled, qualified, satisfied, surprised, tired, unprepared, unqualified, unkown, upset, worried, wounded等。
二、作定語(yǔ)的-ED分詞
-ED分詞可以作前置定語(yǔ)也可以作后置定語(yǔ)，作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句
1) Commercial banks make most of their income from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.
[A] earn
[B] earned
[C] to earn
[D] was earned
2) On his return from his college, he found the house .
[A] deserting
[B] deserted
[C] desert
[D] to be deserted
3) The age [A] of a geological sample can be estimated [B] from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioactive carbon present [C] in the object is examined [D] .
三、用作狀語(yǔ)的-ED分詞
這樣的-ED分詞通常來(lái)自及物動(dòng)詞。-ED分詞用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，跟-ING分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)一樣，修飾主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意義上相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句，表示時(shí)間，條件，原因，伴隨狀況等。-ED分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，前邊往往可以加when,while,if,as if,though。這時(shí)，我們可以把-ED分詞結(jié)構(gòu)理解為一個(gè)省略句，即省去了“主語(yǔ)和be的變化形式”。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主句的主語(yǔ)一致。
1. 表示時(shí)間
4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4， 1901， focused on domestic rather than oreign policies.
[A] William McKinley’s new term looked forward to and
[B] the new term looked forward to William McKinley and
[C] looking forward to a new term was William McKinley
[D] William McKinley looked forward to a new term
2. 表示條件
5) under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape.
[A] Seen
[B] Sees
[C] Seeing
[D] To see
6) to steel，chromium(鉻) increases the metal’s hardness.
[A] Added
[B] In addition
[C] Adding
[D] Adds
7) enough food and water, they could have beaten the enemy.
[A] Being given
[B] Given
[C] Give
[D] To give
3. 表示原因
8) Encouraged by his mother， .
[A] art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent
[B] Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art
[C] the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent
[D] John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.
9) by the decision， the lawyer quickly left the court room.
[A] Angering
[B] Having angered
[C] Being angry
[D] Angered
10) Written in great haste, .
[A] Jim made a lot of mistakes in the report
[B] there are plenty of errors in the report
[C] we found several mistakes in his report
[D] the books is full of errors.
4. 表示伴隨狀況：-ED分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨狀況時(shí)，沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)姆志淇商鎿Q
11) was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later，in 1834.
[A] Settling Brooklyn，the Dutch
[B] The Dutch settled Brooklyn
[C] Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch
[D] Settled by the Dutch，Brooklyn
