二、簡單句、并列句和復合句

(一)句子種類兩種分類法

1、按句子的用途可分四種：

1)陳述句(肯定、否定)：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.

2)疑問句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意)：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?

3)祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class

4)感嘆句：How clever the boy is!

2、按句子的結構可分三種：

1)簡單句：只有一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句：由并列連詞(and, but, or等)或分號(;)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構成。

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3)復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復合句包含：名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。

e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

(二)簡單句的五種基本句型

1、主語+系動詞+表語：e.g. He is a student.

2、主語+不及物動詞：e.g. We work.

3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語)：e.g. My father bought me a car.

5、主語+及物動詞+復合賓語(賓語+賓補)：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構成。