二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

(一)句子種類兩種分類法

1、按句子的用途可分四種：

1)陳述句(肯定、否定)：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.

2)疑問句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意)：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?

3)祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class

4)感嘆句：How clever the boy is!

2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：

1)簡單句：只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句：由并列連詞(and, but, or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3)復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。

e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

(二)簡單句的五種基本句型

1、主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語：e.g. He is a student.

2、主語+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g. We work.

3、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語)：e.g. My father bought me a car.

5、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。