誤] She laid down and soon fell asleep.
[正] She lay down and soon fell asleep.
[析]考試中常出現(xiàn)的是易混動詞lay放,lie躺,lie說謊。它們的過去時、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞變化如下:
lay (放) laid, laid, laying (及物動詞)
lie (躺) lay, lain, lying (不及物動詞)
lie (說謊) lied, lied, lying
[誤] Please rise your hand.
[正] Please raise your hand.
[析] rise 是不及物動詞,其后不能接賓語,如:The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物動詞。
[誤] I like to swim very much, but I don’t like swimming this afternoon.
[正] I like swimming very much, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
[析] like作為"喜歡"講時,可以接動名詞也可以接不定式,但接動名詞時多表達一種習慣性動作。而接不定式則側(cè)重于表達一次性、特殊性的動作。但要注意的是like 與would連用時則一定要接不定式,如:Would you like to go with me?再有一點要注意的是,
like作為介詞"像"講時,只能用分詞作其賓語。
[誤] Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?
[正] Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?
[析] hear的側(cè)重點是聽到、聽見什么,而listen to 的側(cè)重點為聽的傾向,如:listen! Do you hear someone calling help?這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ook與see。它們的側(cè)重點也不同,look重于"看"的傾向,而see重于看見沒看見。
[誤] Did you watch some film recently?
[正] Did you see some film recently?
[析] 英語中see 與 watch 各有不同的用處,see用于看電影、劇目,而watch用作看電視和看球賽。
[誤] Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.
[正] Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.
[析] hang有兩個含義,① "掛",它的過去時與過去分詞是hung, hung;② "絞刑",這時它是規(guī)則動詞,其過去式與過去分詞則為hanged, hanged。
[誤] How long can I borrow this book?
[正] How long can I keep this book?
[析] "借"在英文中有三個詞,① 借入,即borrow,如:May I borrow some books from the library?② 借出,如:I can lend my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep,
因為borrow與lend都是截止性動詞,而keep是延續(xù)性動詞。如 How long can I keep it?
[誤] We have won your class.
[正] We have beaten your class.
[析] win是及物動詞,其后面的賓語應(yīng)是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品、獎金。而beat的賓語,應(yīng)是人、隊、班級等等,如:We won the game.
[誤] I left my key.
[正] I forgot my key.
[正] I left my key at home.
[析] leave是"丟下",其后一定要接地點狀語,而forget其后不要接地點狀語。
[誤] Oh! It’s raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.
[正] Oh! It’s raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you.
[析] bring為"帶來"如:Next time bring your little sister here.而take為"帶走",fetch為"去某處取什么回來",
如:Please fetch some coffee for us要熟記的是在初中課文中與take
有關(guān)的詞組,如: take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下take off 脫下 take…out 拿出 take place 發(fā)生 take hold of 拿住 take part in 參加
take a seat 坐下take one’s place 替代
take a look 看看 take one’s turn 輪流 take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 別著急take one’s time 慢慢來 take one’s temperature 測量體溫
[誤] The policeman reached his gun.
[正] The policeman reached for his gun.
[析] reach作"到達"講時是及物動詞,如:I reached the hotel at 8∶30但作"伸手去拿",則要用reach for something。作為"到達"講時還有arrive (in+大地方)
(at+較小的地方)和get to.
要注意的是與get有關(guān)的詞組有: get back 回來 get in 收割 get into 進入 get off 下車 get on 上車 get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到達
get ready for=be ready for get on well with 與人相處融洽 get 加比較級為變得如何,例如: get colder and colder.
[誤] This dictionary spent me five dollars.
[正] This dictionary cost me five dollars.
[析] 英文中的"花費"有4個spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中spend 與pay所在句中的主語應(yīng)為人,如:I spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dallars for the book.
而cost與take的主語則是事物,如:It takes me two years to finish this book.