雅思學術類閱讀一個小時3篇文章,文本長度在2800-3500字之間。如果想突破7分,一個必須攻克的障礙就是如何在壓力閱讀之下迅速抓住句子的最重要傳輸的內容,需要解決就是快速讀懂長難句。那么今天就和大家來說說如何快速讀懂雅思的長難句吧。
一般來說,雅思閱讀長難句構成有以下幾類句子
一、加復雜修飾的簡單句例:
At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched(炎熱的,干旱的) deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular(細胞的) fluids. (劍9 Test 1 Passage 3)
二、并列句
如果句子包含兩個或更多互不依從的主謂結構,就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一個并列連詞來連接,最常見的并列連詞有and, or 和but。
例:An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy(星系), but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated (衰減的)while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy.(劍9 Test 1 Passage 2)
三、各種從句
從句不能單獨成句,但它也有主語部分和謂語部分,就像一個句子一樣。
從句可以分為:主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句6類。
前四類從句在句子的功用相當于名詞,所以通稱名詞性從句;定語從句功能相當于形容詞,稱為形容詞性從句;而狀語從句功能相當于副詞,稱為副詞性從句。
例:Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. (劍9 Test 1 Passage 2)
四、插入語結構
插入語一般是對句子的某個成分的解釋或補充說明,前后有逗號與其他句子成分分開,比較容易識別。
例:The International Institute of Noise Control Engineering (l-INCE), on the advice of the World Health Organization, has established an international working party, which includes New Zealand, to evaluate noise and reverberation(混響,反射) control for school rooms. (劍9 Test 2 Passage 1)
五、后置定語修飾成分多
例:
A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “leader” in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. (5A0102)
六、倒裝結構及其他
在英語當中,主語和謂語有兩種順序:一種和漢語一致,即主語在前;另外一種順序是謂語在主語前面,即倒裝。
閱讀中一般會出現以not only等否定連詞和never, seldom rarely, hardly等否定副詞引導的倒裝句。理解倒裝句,就要把它轉換成普通語句,把倒裝語序還原為自然語序,在自然語序下理解句子。
例:In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict.
如何解決長難句呢?
(1)要有意識地分析每個句子的主干結構:
比如“潔白可愛的小綿羊蹦蹦跳跳歡快活潑地在一望無垠的廣闊草原上幸福愉快地吃著鮮嫩碧綠的青草”。
這個句子基本可以濃縮為:小綿羊在吃草。
(2)層次化的思想
用括號匹配的方法變成若干簡單句的集合;平時練習的時候有意識的把可以識別出來的修飾和從句用括號擴起來;
對于每一個簡單句來說,任何一個簡單句可以變成基本句型和非主干成分。前者可以直接轉換成為中文。
(3)非主干成分
如果是定語,前置理解;
如果是同位語或插入語,刪除;
如果是狀語,隔離看主句。
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