被動(dòng)語態(tài)是語教材中的重點(diǎn)語法之一，同時(shí)也是在英文寫作中經(jīng)常用到的“高級(jí)精彩語法”之一。顧名思義，被動(dòng)語態(tài)所表達(dá)的正是“具有被動(dòng)含義的句子”，即“什么/誰被誰怎樣了”，其一般形式為“be 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”，根據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)、不同的場(chǎng)合對(duì)應(yīng)不同的具體形式。下面小編為大家分享被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法，歡迎大家閱讀。
一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法
1、不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。
The bridge was built last year.這座橋是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman.他被選為主席。
2、 當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。此時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語動(dòng)詞之后，不需要時(shí)可以省略。
The room hasn’t been cleaned yet.房間還沒有打掃。
The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他殺死了。
3、當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：
The window was blown by wind.窗戶被風(fēng)吹開了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整個(gè)村莊都被洪水沖走了。
4、表示客觀的說明常用"It is 過去分詞."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.據(jù)說露茜已經(jīng)出國了。
It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是個(gè)間諜。
其它常見的"It is 過去分詞 that"句型還有
It is reported that…據(jù)報(bào)道
It is said that…據(jù)說
It is believed that…大家相信
It is suggested that…有人建議
二、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)
1、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的步驟：
(1)將主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z：
注意：如果主動(dòng)句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛Ｈ纾?/p>
Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.
(2)將動(dòng)詞改為"be 過去分詞"。
注意
They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.
他們昨天開會(huì)了。
(3)將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語改為be…放在謂語動(dòng)詞后。
注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。
He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.
2、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)：
(1)主動(dòng)句中的主語如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人們"、"大家"的單詞，變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)句時(shí)，通常刪去"by…"，但原主語被強(qiáng)調(diào)者除外。如：
They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975.
這所醫(yī)院建于1975年。
Only he can finish the job. → 只有他能完成這項(xiàng)工作。
The job can be finished only by him.這項(xiàng)工作只能由他來完成。
(2)含有雙賓語，即直接賓語和間接賓語的句子，每個(gè)賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，即其被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式。但多以間接賓語作主語。
Jack told us the truth.杰克告訴了我們真相。
We were told the truth by Jack.
The truth was told (to) us by Jack.
三、動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意
以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意的動(dòng)詞多為連系動(dòng)詞，如：look, feel, smell等。下列動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)式：happen， cost，take，have
An accident was happened yesterday.(×)昨天發(fā)生了一起事故。
An accident happened yesterday.( )
The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來很香。
The watch looks good.這表看起來很好。
This book sells well.這本書暢銷。
四、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)舉例(以動(dòng)詞do為例)
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(am/ is/ are done)
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許多人都說英語。
Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都舉行班會(huì)。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。
2.一般過去時(shí)(was/ were done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那個(gè)男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最終獲救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行車被偷了。
3.一般將來時(shí)與過去將來時(shí)(will/ shall be done; would/should be done)
A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個(gè)演講。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一條新馬路。
I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/ is/ are being done; was/ were being done)
The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天這時(shí)，機(jī)器正在被修理。
The problem is being discussed now. 問題正在被討論。
A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一輛公共汽車。
5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/ has been done)
Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。
The book has been read many times by me. 這本書已經(jīng)被我讀了許多遍了。
Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在沖突中已經(jīng)有幾名士兵被殺害。
6.過去完成時(shí)(had been done)
They said they had been invited to the party. 他們說已經(jīng)被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)了。
She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已經(jīng)被暴風(fēng)雨摧毀。
He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.
他在去世前已經(jīng)被疾病折磨很多年了。
特別提醒：如果大家想要了解更多英語方面知識(shí)，或者想要深入學(xué)習(xí)英語的，可以掃以下二維碼，定制滬江網(wǎng)校精品課程，高效實(shí)用的個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)方案，專屬督導(dǎo)全程伴學(xué)。
很多學(xué)生之所以在“被動(dòng)語態(tài)”這部分語法內(nèi)容中容易蒙圈，主要原因則在于“無法分清楚被動(dòng)語態(tài)在不同時(shí)態(tài)下的不同表達(dá)形式”。上文小編為大家分享了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法，希望對(duì)大家有幫助。
