（四）動詞時態、語態
I．要點
1、一般現在時
（1）表示經常發生的動作或現在存在的狀態，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如：
Sometimes, we go swimming after school
（2）表示客觀真理、科學事實等。如：
The earth goes round the sun.
2、現在進行時
(1) 表示說話時或現階段正在進行的動作，常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經常反復的動作，常含有某種情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、現在完成時
主要表示動作發生在過去，對現在仍有影響，或動作一直延續到現在，或可能還要繼續下去，常與just, already, so far, once, ever 等詞連用。如:
Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般將來時
表示將來某一時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：
It happened many years ago.
6、過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發生的動作。如：
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、過去完成時
表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。如：
The train had already left before we arrived.
８、一般過去將來時
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發生的動作。如：
He said he would come, but he didn't.
９、被動語態
被動語態的時態，以give為例。
時／式
一般
進行
完成
現在
am
is given
are
am
is being
are
has
been given
have
過去
was
given
were
was
being given were
had been given
將來
shall
be given
will
shall
have been given
will
過去將來
should
be given
would
should
have been given
would
II．例題
例１I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
A had died B died C dead D is dead
解析：該題正確答案為Ｂ。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時態，而用一般過去時態。
例２The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A is looked B has looked for
C is being looked for D has been looked
解析：該題正確答案為Ｃ。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用于被動語態的句子中。
