小編給各位初三考生整理了各學(xué)科的復(fù)習(xí)攻略，本文是初中初中英語知識點總結(jié)：初中英語知識點總結(jié)：謂語動詞和主語的一致，幫助各位考生梳理知識脈絡(luò)，理清做題思路，希望各位考生可以在考試中取得優(yōu)異成績!
謂語動詞和主語的一致
有些謂語動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，特別是動詞為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時。在一般現(xiàn)在時中，若主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，多數(shù)動詞都要加-s或-es，如：He comes.Mary cries。如果主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)，就不需加這樣的詞尾，如：I come.
They cry.而且，不管是作主要動詞還是助動詞，在第三人稱單數(shù)的主語后都得用is，has，does這種形式，否則用are，am，have或do。至于can，may，must這些助動詞，在各種人稱后形式不變：
He(or She，It，My friend)comes(or sees，goes).
He(or She，It，My friend)is waiting，has come，does go，(is，has，does作助動詞) is kind，has a funny face，doesnothing at all.(is，has，does作主要動詞)
I(or we，You，They，My friends)come(or see，go).
I am waiting，have come，do go.We(or You，They，Myfriends)are waiting，have come，do go.(am，are，have，do作助動詞)
I am sorry.They are kind，have funny faces，do nothingat all.(am，are，have，do作主要動詞)
任何主語+must(or can，may，ought to，need not，darenot)come(or see，go).
過去時可和住何主語一起用，只有was和were是例外。was和第一第三人稱單數(shù)主語一起用，其他主語都和were一起用，如：
He was ill.I was ill.They were ill.
在將來時中主要是用shall或will，不需加詞尾，如：
They(or John and Mary) will come，shall come.
He(or It) will come，shall come.
判斷主語的人稱不難，但判斷它的數(shù)有時卻并不容易。至少有39種有關(guān)數(shù)上一致的問題，它們可以分為兩大類。
第一大類是哪個是主語的問題。在這類中，決定哪個詞或詞組是主語比決定某個主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)更困難。以下面句子為例：
The students，as well as the teacher，are(or is?)in the class-room.(在決定用are還是is以前，首先得決定students和teacher哪是主語，還是兩者都是主語。)
My guide is(or are?) the stars.(是guide還是stars是真正的主語?)
第二大類是主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的問題。在這類中，決定主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)比決定哪個是主語更困難：
Billiards(單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)?) is(or are?)my favorite game.
The phenomena(單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)?) is(or are?) unbelievable.
The headquarters(單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)?) is(or are?)in London.
1)第一大類：哪個是主語?
謂語動詞通常跟在主語后面，但有時卻放在主語前面，特別是在由who，which，how，when等疑問詞或助動詞引起的問句中：
Who are they?
Which does she like best?
Has your wife come back from Paris?
Are the guests celebrating her birthday?
在某些倒裝句中，謂語動詞有時放在主語前面：
If you are not satisfied，nor is Peter.
Never in my life have I forgot her.Nobody else can I love.
Hardly has Liz woken up when the sun rises.
“I feel bored.”“So is evrybody.”
在下面這類倒裝句中情況也如此。
There come many children.
Before the house stands a tree.
Before the house stand a tree and a bench(two things).
In the house there is a cat，(there is)a dog，and(thereare)three birds.(后面的there is，there are多省略，在acat前用is是對的。)
To Dick fall the duties of maintaining the family.
After Jan comes Nora.
Here’s all the coins I have.(在口語中here’s和there’s和where’s后可跟一復(fù)數(shù)名詞)
There’s three friends waiting for me.
Where’s the kids that stole the apples?
在下面這類句子中，補語或分詞提前，主語在is，was，are，were之后：
Gone are all my happy days!
Waiting for the results are thousands of people.Gathered under the roof were all the big shots.
兩個單數(shù)名詞由and連接可構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)主語：
John and Mary(=Two persons)are coming.
(但：John is coming and Mary is coming，too.)
My money and my friend are both gone.
Good coffee and bad are different from each other.
兩個人稱代詞由and連接也構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)主語：
He and I (=We)are friends.
Both you and he(=Both of you)are ill.
由every，any等詞修飾的幾個主語，盡管由and連接，仍然保持是單數(shù)：
Every boy and every girl is playing.
Any relative，any friend and any neighbour is ready to helphim.
Each grown-up and each child likes it.
No city，no village，no mountain，(and) no sea is a place ofsafety.
Many a man and many a woman has seen the accident.
