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英語中時(shí)態(tài)很多，但語態(tài)不多，只有兩種，即：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。所謂“被動(dòng)語態(tài)”，相當(dāng)于中文中常說的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行車被偷了?！保斑@座樓房是由他們建造的。”

中考考綱中主要考查不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。其中以一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為主，其次涉及到含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。卷面中被動(dòng)語態(tài)所占分值為1-3分，一般分布在單選，完形填空，短文填空以及書面表達(dá)中。

為了讓同學(xué)們能夠盡快掌握這部分的重難點(diǎn)，今天奇速君分享的就是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。

概念

語態(tài)(Voice)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。

英語的語態(tài)包括兩種形式：主動(dòng)語態(tài)(active voice)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)(passive voice)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般來說，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。巧記為：主動(dòng)、主動(dòng)、主去動(dòng)。Many people speak English.謂語：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。巧記為：被動(dòng)、被動(dòng)、主被動(dòng)。English is spoken by many people.主語English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。He opened the door.他開了門。(主動(dòng)句)The door was opened.門被開了。(被動(dòng)句)

構(gòu)成

His bicycle was stolen.The building has been built in 2000.通過上面的例句，可以看出，“被動(dòng)語態(tài)”的構(gòu)成是：be + 過去分詞 ( + by + 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)

形式

被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be加及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作是由什么人或什么東西而發(fā)出時(shí)，常用介詞“by +行為發(fā)出者”，即be+done+by+行為發(fā)出者。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，通過助動(dòng)詞be的變化來表示：

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài). am / is / are + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.

2、一般過去式的被動(dòng)語態(tài): was / were + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.

3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): am / is / are + being + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.

4、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài): was / were + being + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.

5、一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):(A) will / shall + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(B) am / is / are + going to be +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.

6、過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):(1)would / should + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(2)was / were +going to be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.

7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):have / has + been + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.

8、過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài):had + been + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didn’t know that my watch had been mended .

9、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式：can/may/must + be + done(1)You must hand in your homework after class.Your homework must be handed in after class.(2)He can write a letter with the computer.A letter can be written with the computer by him.

運(yùn)用

第一種情況：不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，就是不知道誰干的Dan’s bike was stolen last week. 丹的自行車上周被偷了。My windows were broken yesterday. 我的窗戶昨天被打爛了。

第二種情況：沒有必要交代動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，就是說：不用說出來大家也知道誰干的Rice is also grown in North China. 華北地區(qū)也種水稻。A new railway station will be built next year. 明年要建一座新的火車站。

第三種：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，這里我們比較一下主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)：Prisoners of War built the bridge. 戰(zhàn)俘修建了這座橋。此句的主句是 Prisoners of War，是來回答 Who built the bridge? 這個(gè)問句，所以此句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者---戰(zhàn)俘，交代戰(zhàn)俘做了什么事。變被動(dòng)之后：The bridge was built by Prisoners of War.這座橋是被戰(zhàn)俘修建的。這樣說的話，主語變成了“the bridge”---這座橋，此句是回答 What was built? 所以此句是強(qiáng)調(diào)“什么被建造”即強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。又如：The book was written by Shi Naian. 這本書是施耐庵寫的。

以上是被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用的三種情況或者說時(shí)機(jī)，第三種雖然強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，但一般也要交代動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用 by + 執(zhí)行者 來表達(dá)。