主謂一致類知識點

1. 并列主語受every, each修飾, 謂語用單數還是復數

Every boy and girl ______ the film.

Each boy and girl ______ the film.

A. likes, likesB. like, like C. likes, likeD. like, likes

此題應選A。該題容易誤選B, 認為主語部分含有 boy 和girl 兩部分, 應該用復數。其實當兩個并列主語受到 each, every, no等詞修飾時, 其謂語通常要用單數：

Each boy and (each) girl was in white. 每個男孩和女孩都穿著白衣服。

Every man and woman was interested in it. 每一個男人和女人都對此感興趣。

Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本書和每張報紙都擺放得井井有條。

Every man and (every) woman in the village knows

this. 這個村子里的男男女女都知道這事。

Every boy and every girl is given an apple. 每個男孩和每個女孩都被發給一個蘋果。

No teacher and (no) student was present. 沒有一個老師和學生出席。

He listened carefully, but no sound and no voicewas heard. 他仔細地聽, 但是沒聽到一點聲音。

2. each用作主語同位語, 謂語用單數還是復數

a. Each student ______ a dictionary.

b. The students each ______ a dictionary.

A. have, have B. have, has C, has, have D. has, has

此題應選C。a句的謂語用單數, 這很顯然。b句的謂語要用復數, 這點考生很容易出錯。其實a, b兩句的意思是一樣的(＝每個學生都有一本字典), 但是注意：b句真正的主語是thestudents, 其后的each是主語的同位語, 由于謂語是與主語保持一致(而不是與其同位語保持一致), 所以此句要選 have。

請看以下例句：

We each have a computer. 我們每人都有一臺電腦。

They each have read the book. 他們每個人都讀過這本書。

The young people each carry a big bag. 這些年輕人個個背著一個大袋子。

My brother and I each have a car. 我和我兄弟每人都有一輛小汽車。

順便說一句, 若用each of...作主語, 其謂語通常是用單數, 但在口語或非正式英語中也可用復數(不如用單數常見)：

Each of the boys was [were] deeply frightened. 男孩子們個個都驚恐萬分。

Each of these books was [were] interesting. 這些書當中每一本都很有趣。

Each of the students has his [have their] ownbooks. 每個學生都有自己的書。

3. 謂語應該跟主語一致還是跟表語一致

We Chinese ______ a hard-working people.

A. is B. areC. is being D. are being

此題應選B。這里考生要注意的是：我們通常說的是主謂一致(即謂語與主語保持一致), 而不是表謂一致(即不是謂語與表語一致), 本題意為：我們中國人是一個勤勞的民族。

注意以下類似例子：

These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim. 這兩本詞典是我送給我最好朋友吉姆的禮物。

The planets were the object of his study. 這些行星是他研究的目標。

The most important thing I need is books. 我需要的最重要的東西是書。

The country’s leading export is watches. 這個國家的主輸出品是手表。

The best part of the meal is the coffee andcookies. 這餐飯最好的部分是咖啡和餅干。

但是有些主語由于本身具有單數和復數兩種可能, 它的謂語到底用單數還是復數, 要看具體的語境(多數情況是看其后面詞語的單復數)：

1. a. Who is your brother? 誰是你的兄弟?

b. Who are your brothers? 哪些是你的兄弟?

2. a. What he said is quite correct. 他所說的完全 正確。

b. What he left me are only a few old books. 他 給我留下的只是幾本舊書。

4. 集合名詞作主語, 謂語的數如何確定

1. His family ______ a small one.

2. His family ______ fat and short.

A. is, isB. are, are C. is, areD. are, is

此題應選C。family 是一個集合名詞, 具有單數(側重指整體)和復數(側重指個體)兩種可能。 類似這種用法的詞主要的有：team(隊, 隊員), class(班, 班上的全體學生), crowd(人群), government(政府), crew(乘務員), committee(委員會, 委員們), audience(聽眾)等：

1. a. This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green

teaches it. 這個班45個學生, 由格林先生教。

b. This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them. 這個班的學生都很用功, 由格林先生教。

2. a. The team is the best in the league. 這個隊在 聯賽中打得最好。

b. The football team are having baths. 足球隊隊 員們在洗澡。

3. a. It was late, but the audience was increasing. 時間很遲了, 但聽眾人數卻在增加。

b. The audience were all moved to tears. 聽眾都 感動得流了淚。

但是并不是所有的集合名詞都具有以上兩種用法：

1. 有的集合名詞總是用作單數(不可數)：clothing 衣服, poetry 詩歌, baggage / luggage 行李, furniture 家俱, machinery 機械, scenery 景色, jewellery 珠寶 等

2. 有的集合名詞總是表示復數意義(但不用復數形式)：

people 人, police 警察, cattle 牲口等

5. 這類結構的謂語應與哪個主語保持一致

A library wit five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered B. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered

此題應選A。用連詞and連接的兩個并列主語, 其謂語要用復數, 但是若主語后跟有with, like, but, except, besides, including, together with, along with, as well as, morethan, no less than, ratherthan等連接的另一個名詞, 其謂通常要與前面一個主語保持一致：

1. Nobody but Betty and Mary _____ late for classyesterday.

A. wasB. were C. has been D. have been

2. A woman with some children _____ soon.

A. is comingB. are coming

C. has comeD. have come

3. No one except my parents _____ anything aboutthis.

A. know B. knowsC. is knownD. are known

4. The teacher as well as the students _____ thebook already.

A. has readB. have read

C. are readingD. is reading

5. All but one ____ in the accident.

A. was killed B. were killed

C. will be killedD. are killed

答案：1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. B

6. 這類并列主語中謂語應與哪個保持一致

a. You or he ______ to blame.

b. _______ you or he to blame?

A. is, IsB. are, Are C. is, Are D. are, Is

此題應選C。在通常情況下, 兩個并列主語由or, either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not only...but (also)等連接時, 其謂語通常與第二個主語(即臨近的一個主語) 保持一致：

1. One or two days _____ enough to see the city.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

2. Neither my wife nor I myself _____ able topersuade my daughter to change her mind.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

3. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ______ tiredof having one examination after another.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

4. Not the teacher, but the students _____ lookingforward to seeing the film.

A. is B. are C. am D. be

注意在疑問句中則通常與第一個主語 (即臨近的一個主語)保持一致：

a. You or he is to blame. 你或他有一人要受責備。

b. Are you or he to blame? 受責備的是你還是他?

順便說一句, 在現代英語中用neither...nor, either...or等連接主語時也可一律用復數(但考生在應試時應避免)。

答案：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B

7. 這類結構中謂語的數取決于形式還是意義

a. More than one boy ______ read the story.

b. More boys than one ______ read the story.

A. have, have B. has, has C. have, has D. has, have

此題應選D。該題很容易誤選A, 認為既然more than one意為“不只一個”(＝多個), 那么其謂語就應該用復數。 其實more than one 用作主語時, 謂語通常要用單數(要從形式一致來考慮)。more thanone用作主語時, 要注意以下兩個結構：

a. “more than one+單數名詞”用作主語, 其謂語通常用單數(即從形式考慮)

b. “more+復數名詞+than one”用作主語, 其謂語通常要用復數

也就是說, 以上結構中名詞的數決定其后動詞的數。

不只一個學生受到懲罰。

正：More than one student was punished.

正：More students than one were punished.

類似以上用法的還有：

a. many a+單數名詞(意為：許多), 用作主語, 謂語用單數(即從形式一致考慮)

b. many+復數名詞(意為：許多), 用作主語, 謂語要用復數

也就是說, 以上結構中名詞的數決定其后動詞的數。

很多小孩在那兒玩。

正：Many a child was playing there.

正：Many children were playing there.

8. the number of / a number of與主謂一致

The number of people invited to the party ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent fordifferent reasons.

A. were, wasB. was, wasC. was, wereD. were, were

此題應選C。注意以下兩個結構：

1. “the number of+復數名詞”, 指數量的總和, 若用作主語, 其謂語用單數：

The number of people present was much greaterthan we expected. 到場人數大大超出我們的意料。

The number of students is 4000. 學生人數為4000。

2. “a number of+復數名詞”, 意為“許多”(= a lotof), 若用作主語, 其謂語用復數：

A number of people were absent from the meeting. 許多人開會缺席。

A number of bottles were broken. 許多瓶子都被摔破了。

類似的有：

a. the variety of+復數名詞 → 用作主語, 謂語用單數

b. a variety of+復數名詞 → 用作主語, 謂語用復數

The variety of his books is astonishing. 他的藏書的品種多得令人吃驚。

The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 這家商店的品種豐富。

A variety of books have been published. 已出版了各種各樣的書。

9. the rest (of)等作主語, 謂語的數取決于什么

a. The rest of the boys ______ watching TV.

b. The rest of the money ______ stolen.

A. were, were B. was, were C. were, wasD. was, was

此題應選 C。all, most, some, half, percent, the rest等詞語后接介詞of再接名詞用作主語時, 若該名詞為可數名詞的復數形式, 則其謂語要用復數形式;若該名詞為不可數名詞或可數名詞的單數形式, 則其謂語要用單數形式：

1. a. Most of the apples are bad. 這些蘋果當中大部 分是壞的。

b. Most of the apple is bad. 這個蘋果壞了一大部 分。

c. Most of the time was spent on it. 這上面花了 大部分時間。

2. a. Half of the buildings were destroyed in the fire. 有一半的樓房在大火中被毀。

b. Half of the building was destroyed in the fire. 這座大樓在大火中有一半被毀。

c. Half of the money was spent on food. 有一半 的錢用來買食物。

3. a. 30 percent of the workers here are women. 這 里的工人有30%是女性。

b. 30 percent of the work has been done. 有 30% 的工作已完成。

c. 30 percent of the wall has been painted. 墻 壁有30%已被刷漆。

10. means何時是單數何時是復數

All possible means ______ been tired.

Every possible means ______ been tired.

A. have, haveB. has, hasC. have, hasD. has, have

此題應選C。名詞means(方法)的單復數同形, 用作主語時, 其謂語的單復數要視具體含義而定：

1. 如果means與all, such, these, those等詞連用, 則其含義應該是復數：

These means are very good. 這些方法很好。

Such means sound interesting, but in fact they’reimpossible. 那樣的方法聽起來有趣, 但實際上是不可能的。

2. 如果means與a, such a, this, that, every等詞連用, 則其含義應該是單數：

Such a means is really unpleasant. 這樣的方法確實是令人不愉快。

There is an effective means of doing it. 做此事有一種很有效的方法。

3. 有時從句意和上下文無法確定means 到底是單數還是復數, 則其謂語用單數或復數均可以：

做這事還有其它的什么辦法嗎?

正：Are there any other means of doing it?

正：Is there any other means of doing it?

沒有好的方法。

正：There is no good means.

正：There are no good means.