I．要點(diǎn)

有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練緊湊，在不損害結(jié)構(gòu)或引起誤解的原則下，往往省去一個(gè)或多個(gè)句子成分或詞語(yǔ)。

１、固定習(xí)慣用詞。如：

No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。

2. 簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略

（１）口語(yǔ)中，一、二、三人稱的主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)還包括謂語(yǔ)都可以省略。如：（It is）Nice to see you!

(This is) Li Ming speaking.

（２）所有格后的名詞如為住宅、商店、工礦、教堂等可以省略。如：

I'm going to visit Tom's (house).

I met him at the tailor's (shop).

（３）兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞不定式并列在一起時(shí)，第一個(gè)不定式帶to，后面的不定式可省to.如: His job is to clean and mend the machine.

（４）主（賓）語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中的to be常省略。He was considered (to be) the best student in the class.

（５）There be結(jié)構(gòu)中there be可同時(shí)省略，或只省略there.如：(Is there) Anything wrong?

（６）表示年齡的years old, 表示鐘點(diǎn)的o'clock, minute等常省略。如：What time is it now? It's ten (o'clock).

3從句中的省略

（１）賓語(yǔ)從句，以which, when, where, how和why引起的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)與主句謂語(yǔ)如相同，可省略從句中全部謂語(yǔ)，甚至主語(yǔ)也可省略，僅保留wh－一詞。如：

He will come, but we don't know when (he will come).

He didn't come, I wondered why (he didn't come).

（２）定語(yǔ)從句中可省略作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞，如：

The man (whom) I saw in the street the other day is my teacher.

（３）狀語(yǔ)從句，在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方式、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，或從句主語(yǔ)是it，則be動(dòng)詞及其主語(yǔ)常可省略。如：

I'll tell him that when (it is) possible.

I won't go there unless (I'm) invited.

II．例題

例１Abeam of light will not bend（彎曲）round corners unless____ to do so with the help of a reflecting device（反射裝置）。

A made B being made C having made D to be made

解析：該題正確答案為A。unless后省略了it is. make sb (sth) do sth變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則為sth/ sb be made to do.

例２While ____my homework, I heard a cry for help.

A do B did C doing D having done

解析：該題答案為C。該空處省略了I'm,相當(dāng)于while I'm doing my home work.如：While playing guitar, he is singing.