I.要點(diǎn)
有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù),使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練緊湊,在不損害結(jié)構(gòu)或引起誤解的原則下,往往省去一個(gè)或多個(gè)句子成分或詞語(yǔ)。
1、固定習(xí)慣用詞。如:
No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。
2. 簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略
(1)口語(yǔ)中,一、二、三人稱的主語(yǔ),有時(shí)還包括謂語(yǔ)都可以省略。如:(It is)Nice to see you!
(This is) Li Ming speaking.
(2)所有格后的名詞如為住宅、商店、工礦、教堂等可以省略。如:
I'm going to visit Tom's (house).
I met him at the tailor's (shop).
(3)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞不定式并列在一起時(shí),第一個(gè)不定式帶to,后面的不定式可省to.如: His job is to clean and mend the machine.
(4)主(賓)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中的to be常省略。He was considered (to be) the best student in the class.
(5)There be結(jié)構(gòu)中there be可同時(shí)省略,或只省略there.如:(Is there) Anything wrong?
(6)表示年齡的years old, 表示鐘點(diǎn)的o'clock, minute等常省略。如:What time is it now? It's ten (o'clock).
3從句中的省略
(1)賓語(yǔ)從句,以which, when, where, how和why引起的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)與主句謂語(yǔ)如相同,可省略從句中全部謂語(yǔ),甚至主語(yǔ)也可省略,僅保留wh-一詞。如:
He will come, but we don't know when (he will come).
He didn't come, I wondered why (he didn't come).
(2)定語(yǔ)從句中可省略作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞,如:
The man (whom) I saw in the street the other day is my teacher.
(3)狀語(yǔ)從句,在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方式、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致,或從句主語(yǔ)是it,則be動(dòng)詞及其主語(yǔ)常可省略。如:
I'll tell him that when (it is) possible.
I won't go there unless (I'm) invited.
II.例題
例1Abeam of light will not bend(彎曲)round corners unless____ to do so with the help of a reflecting device(反射裝置)。
A made B being made C having made D to be made
解析:該題正確答案為A。unless后省略了it is. make sb (sth) do sth變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則為sth/ sb be made to do.
例2While ____my homework, I heard a cry for help.
A do B did C doing D having done
解析:該題答案為C。該空處省略了I'm,相當(dāng)于while I'm doing my home work.如:While playing guitar, he is singing.