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在初中英語(yǔ)中，主要有三大從句，即賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句(包括時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等)。
賓語(yǔ)從句
一、定義
在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。
二、連接詞
that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.
只用whether的情況：1. 與or not連用：I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 與動(dòng)詞不定式連用：He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 連接詞前有介詞時(shí)：It depends on whether he is coming.
三、時(shí)態(tài)
1. 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定(各種時(shí)態(tài)均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.
2.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.
3. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
定語(yǔ)從句
一、定義
在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。
二、先行詞
先行詞指人 who /that先行詞指物 which/ that
定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞(即先行詞)后
三、關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，所以從句中不可再出現(xiàn)其他代替先行詞的代詞
四、翻譯方法 “…. 的”
Whom: 先行詞指人，則代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)(包括介詞的賓語(yǔ)), 與who的區(qū)別是如果前面帶介詞則必須用whom
1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.
Whose : 指人或物，作定語(yǔ)，表示 “…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.
關(guān)系代詞只能 that 的特殊情況：
1.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)：This is the first gift that my parents bought me.
2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)：This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.
3. 先行詞是不定代詞something, anything等時(shí).e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop
4. 先行詞是人和物時(shí), 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.
5. 先行詞被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.
6. 特殊疑問(wèn)句以who 或which 開(kāi)頭，只能用that引導(dǎo).Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)：
物+介詞+which ; 人+ 介詞 + whom
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)：e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.
