1. take place等能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)嗎
Great changes ______ in China since 1978.
A. have taken place B. took placeC. have beentaken place D. were taken place
此題應(yīng)選A。首先要排除C, D, 因?yàn)閠ake place(發(fā)生)是不及物動(dòng)詞, 所以不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；另一方面, 因?yàn)榫渥又械膕ince 1978, 所以句子宜用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)A。
大家知道, 不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(因?yàn)椴患拔飫?dòng)詞沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)便沒(méi)有主語(yǔ))。但這里要注意的是：由于受漢語(yǔ)的影響，有些不及物動(dòng)詞很容易被考生誤認(rèn)為是及物動(dòng)詞，從而誤用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這類易用錯(cuò)的動(dòng)詞主要的有take place 發(fā)生 / happen 發(fā)生 / come about 發(fā)生 / breakout 爆發(fā) / appear出現(xiàn) / disappear 消失 / last 持續(xù) 等)。
他出什么事了?
誤：What was [is] happened to him?
正：What has happened to him?
每四年舉行一次選舉。
誤：Elections are taken place every four years.
正：Elections take place every four years.
我不知道這事是怎么發(fā)生的。
誤：I don’t know how this thing was come about.
正：I don’t know how this thing came about.
夜里起了一起火災(zāi)。
誤：A fire was broken out during the night.
正：A fire broke out during the night.
2. 通常不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞
那里的人缺乏食物。
1. People there lack food. (正)
2. Food is lacked by people there. (誤)
從形式上看, 句2是句1的相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式，既然句1為正句，那么句2從理論上說(shuō)應(yīng)該是成立的。而事實(shí)上句2卻是個(gè)錯(cuò)句。
在英語(yǔ)中，并不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的, 有些動(dòng)詞(尤其是那些靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞)盡管它們可以帶賓語(yǔ), 但卻不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 這種動(dòng)詞考生容易弄錯(cuò), 其中主要的有：have, lack, fit, suit, cost, let, like等：
他有一臺(tái)電腦。
正：He has a computer.
誤：A computer is had by him.
他當(dāng)時(shí)正在洗澡。
正：He was taking a bath.
誤：A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不適合。
正：My shoes don’t fit me.
誤：I am not fitted by my shoes.
這架鋼琴花了她6000美元。
正：The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
誤：She was cost her 6000 dollars.
誤：6000 dollars was cost her.
這件衣服他穿很合適。
正：The coat suits him very well.
誤：He is well suited by the coat.
3. 容易出錯(cuò)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)
—Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet. The rooms ______.
A. are being painted B. are painting C. are paintedD. are being painting
此題選A。從句意上看, 此題應(yīng)選被動(dòng)式(這是顯然的), 同時(shí)注意：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式(這點(diǎn)容易忽視)。
在做動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)題時(shí), 同時(shí)要注意其時(shí)態(tài)形式：
You are wanted on the phone. 有人給你打電話。(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
When was the building completed? 這座大樓什么時(shí)候建成?(一般過(guò)去時(shí))
You won’t be allowed to take so much luggagewith you. 不會(huì)準(zhǔn)你帶這么多行李。(一般將來(lái)時(shí))
A new railway is now being built. 一條新鐵路正在修建。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
The roads were being widened. 道路當(dāng)時(shí)正在加寬。(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))
Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這種事以前從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
有時(shí)被動(dòng)式動(dòng)詞可與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用：
The work must be finished at once. 這工作必須馬上完成。
The method can still be improved upon. 這方法還可以改進(jìn)。
My umbrella may have been left on the train. 我的傘可能忘在火車上了。
