內 容 提 要
定語從句是由關系代詞和關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分，定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。狀語從句分為時間狀語從句，結果狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，原因狀語從句，條件狀語從句以及行為方式狀語從句。名詞從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句及there be句型。
I 定 語 從 句
一、 限定性定語從句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物;它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置
1) The first doll say “mama”was invented in 1830.
[A] that it could
[B] could it
[C] it could
[D] that could
2) A solar day is the length of time the Earth to revolve once around the Sun.
[A] takes
[B] takes it
[C] which takes
[D] he takes
3) The period during when [A] people learned [B] to melt iron is called [C] the [D] Iron Age.
2. which作賓語時，根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟
4) The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, he sailed round the treacherous Cape Horn.
[A] where
[B] of which
[C] during which
[D] that
5) To travel from England to Hope Corn had taken him nine months, the sailing time was 226 days. He had done what he wanted to accomplish.
[A] when
[B] which
[C] of which
[D] that
3. 代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all, anything, much等，這時的that常被省略(見本節“四、關系代詞的省略”)
4. who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語
6) Henry Ford is the person [A] which [B] is most responsible [C] for developing [D] the idea of mass production.
7) Human beings are social [A] animals whom [B] usually prefer not to live in [C] physical or psychological isolation [D] .
5. where是關系副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句
8) The Everglades is a beautiful region of southern Florida the primitive past mingles with modern life.
[A] there
[B] where
[C] after
[D] in
9) The knee is the joint the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
[A] when
[B] where
[C] why
[D] which
10) A metropolitan region [A] is defined as a central [B] city and the territory where [C] surrounds [D] it.
6. when引導定語從句表示時間
11) The next morning he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery.
[A] as
[B] when
[C] because
[D] that
12) In a day few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters.
[A] whose
[B] during
[C] when
[D] of
13) Moreover, in the modern age human beings depend so much on machines, he had given men throughout the world new pride.
[A] when
[B] whether
[C] more
[D] ever
[注] 值得一提的是，表示時間“time”一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用that引導
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. / I still remember the first time I met her. / Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是關系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當于所修飾成分的前置所有格
14) There was a teapot fashioned like a China duck out of open mouth the tea was supposed to come.
[A] which
[B] its
[C] that
[D] whose
15) Jackir Mcleans’s recordings have shown that he is one of the few [A] jazz musicians who [B] style of playing [C] has kept pace with the evolution [D] of modern jazz.
8. 當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導
16) I don’t want to concentrate on anything worrying me.
[A] what is
[B] there is
[C] what
[D] there
二、非限定性定語從句：非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常和主句間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分
2. 在引導限定性定語從句時，that有時相當于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對白日做夢的態度正在改變，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂，而他恰恰與我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。
3. 有時as也可用作關系代詞
4. 在非限定性定語從句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物
17) Ligaments(韌帶)， ， hold organs of the body in place and fasten bones together.
[A] which are fibrous tissues
[B] they are fibrous tissues
[C] fibrous tissues that
[D] are fibrous tissues
18) The Little White House in Warm Springs was the Georgia home of President Franklin D. Roosevelt， there on April 12， 1945.
[A] who died
[B] died
[C] while died
[D] he died
19) The first United States citizen to become [A] a professional [B] sculptor was Patience Lovell Wright， which [C] works were executed in wax [D] .
三、定語從句結構錯誤
1. 缺關系詞
20) The adder is a snake has [A] a relatively [B] stout body， a short tail [C] ， and a flat head [D] .
2. 從句中缺成分
21) Traditionally， ethnographers and linguists have paid [A] little attention to cultural interpretations given to [B] silence， or to [C] the types of social contexts in which tends [D] to occur.
四、連接代詞的省略
22) Most crocodiles will eat anything capture and overpower.
[A] can
[B] they can
[C] which can
[D] and
五、例題解析
1) D為正確答案。本句中的主句為“The first doll was invented in 1830”，“that could say ‘mama’”為定語從句，修飾主句中的名詞(主語)“the first doll”。
2) C為正確答案。
3) A錯。during是介詞，它后面的關系代詞只能用which(指人除外)，which在此處指代“the period”，定語從句為“during which people…iron”，修飾主句的主語“the period”。
4) C為正確答案。
5) C為正確答案。
6) B錯。改用who，which只能指物，指人時應用who，本句的定語從句修飾the person，關系代詞who在從句中作主語。本句也可改用that，因為that也可用來指人，它可在從句中作主語或賓語，但which則只能指“物”。
7) B錯。應改用who，因為這里所指代的是“human beings”，而且在從句中作主語，而whom只能用來作賓語。
8) B為正確答案。空白后是一個定語從句，從句中主謂賓齊全，關系副詞where指代上面表示地點的名詞region(地方，地區)，相當于in which，即in the region，在從句中作地點狀語。
