在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如果不一致的話(huà)，分詞前面可以帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)(名詞或代詞)，構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)(或稱(chēng)為帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu))。分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可表示伴隨情況、陪襯動(dòng)作、附加說(shuō)明以及表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。

【例如】

The moon has no light of its own, only sunlight shining on it.

(附加說(shuō)明)

She rushed out the room, the little baby carried in her arms.

(伴隨動(dòng)作)

Maggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs held carefully in her hand.

(伴隨動(dòng)作)

They being blind men, how could they see the elephants? ( =As they were blind men... )

(表示原因)

Circumstances changed, it is necessary for you to make a new plan.

(表示原因)

A force acting through a distance, work is done. (表示條件)

Both bright side and dark side considered, you will have the confidence to overcome this difficulty. (表示條件)

All flightsshavingsbeen cancelled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

there be句型和it也能引出分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)修飾主句，there和it相當(dāng)于分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。

【例如】

There being nothing else to do, we went home.

Thereshavingsbeen no rain, the plants withered. It being impossible for most students to turn in their papers as scheduled, the teacher decided to give them another two days. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ____on benches, chairs or boxes. (CET 4 2000,1)

A)shavingsseated B) seating C) seated D)shavingsbeen seated

本題考察的是with引導(dǎo)的分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，seat一般用被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意思，所以用過(guò)去分詞，答案為C。

seat可以用于如下句中：He came in and was seated in the chair. Please come in and be seated. So many directors____, the board meeting had to be put off. (CET 4 2000,6)

A) were absent B) being absent C) been absent D) had been absent

本題考察的是分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)與分詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，因此選擇B。