在分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語一般應與句子的主語一致。如果不一致的話，分詞前面可以帶有自己的邏輯主語(名詞或代詞)，構成分詞的獨立結構(或稱為帶邏輯主語的分詞結構)。分詞獨立結構可表示伴隨情況、陪襯動作、附加說明以及表示時間、原因、條件等。

【例如】

The moon has no light of its own, only sunlight shining on it.

(附加說明)

She rushed out the room, the little baby carried in her arms.

(伴隨動作)

Maggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs held carefully in her hand.

(伴隨動作)

They being blind men, how could they see the elephants? ( =As they were blind men... )

(表示原因)

Circumstances changed, it is necessary for you to make a new plan.

(表示原因)

A force acting through a distance, work is done. (表示條件)

Both bright side and dark side considered, you will have the confidence to overcome this difficulty. (表示條件)

All flightsshavingsbeen cancelled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

there be句型和it也能引出分詞獨立結構，作狀語修飾主句，there和it相當于分詞的邏輯主語。

【例如】

There being nothing else to do, we went home.

Thereshavingsbeen no rain, the plants withered. It being impossible for most students to turn in their papers as scheduled, the teacher decided to give them another two days. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ____on benches, chairs or boxes. (CET 4 2000,1)

A)shavingsseated B) seating C) seated D)shavingsbeen seated

本題考察的是with引導的分詞的獨立結構，seat一般用被動形式表示主動意思，所以用過去分詞，答案為C。

seat可以用于如下句中：He came in and was seated in the chair. Please come in and be seated. So many directors____, the board meeting had to be put off. (CET 4 2000,6)

A) were absent B) being absent C) been absent D) had been absent

本題考察的是分詞的獨立結構,主語與分詞之間是主謂關系，因此選擇B。