十三、復(fù)合句——形容詞性(定語(yǔ))從句

1.尤其要注意whose的用法

whose在從句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞。所以，如果關(guān)系代詞后面緊接的是名詞，且關(guān)系代詞又不在從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，那么，這個(gè)關(guān)系代詞就應(yīng)該是whose。如：

2.介詞 + which的用法

如果從句中主賓成分齊全，考生便可考慮關(guān)系代詞是否在從句中做狀語(yǔ)，而狀語(yǔ)通常用介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，于是可以得知，關(guān)系代詞前面應(yīng)有介詞，再分析所給的選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)與名詞的搭配作出正確選擇。如：

We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.

3.as 與which用作關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別

(1)as與the same, such, so, as等關(guān)聯(lián)使用。如：As the forest goes, so goes its animal life.

(2)as和which都可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，但as在句中的位置比較靈活，可出現(xiàn)在句首、句中、句末，而which只能出現(xiàn)在句末，尤其是當(dāng)先行詞是整個(gè)句子時(shí)。如：

As is true in all institutions, juries are capable of making mistakes.

As is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.

常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)有：as has been said before, as has been mentioned above, as can be imagined, as is known to all, as has been announced, as can be seen from these figures, as might/could be expected, as is often the case, as has been pointed out, as often happens, as will be shown等。

4.關(guān)系代詞that與which用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

(1)如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ)，用that, which都可以，而且可以省略;

(2)先行詞是不定代詞anything, nothing, little, all, everything時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that;

(3)先行詞由形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾或由next，last, only, very修飾時(shí)，用that;

(4)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句只能用which引導(dǎo);

(5)關(guān)系代詞前面如果有介詞，只能用which。

5.but做關(guān)系代詞，用于否定句，相當(dāng)于who…not, that…not

這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是主句中常有否定詞或含有否定意義的詞。如：

There are few teachers but know how to use a computer.

There is no complicated problem but can be solved by a computer.