被動語態誤用辨析

1.中文：他們結婚兩年了。

(誤)They have married for two years.

(正)They have been married for two years.(表示已婚狀態的持續，要用完成時的被動式。)

2.中文：他被所有學生嘲笑。

(誤)He was laughed by all the pupils.

(正)He was laughed at by all the pupils.(不及物動詞+介詞=及物動詞，變被動語態時介詞不能省略。)

3.中文：英語難學。

(誤)English is difficult to be learned.

(正)English is difficult to learn.(英語難學=學英語難，也可說It’s difficult to learn English。原句的主語實際上是不定式的邏輯賓語，不定式要用主動形式。)

4.中文：湯姆問我這些島嶼是否屬于美國。

(誤)Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.

(正)Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.

5.中文：中國發生了很大變化。

(誤)Great changes have been taken place in China.

(正)Great changes have taken place in China.

6.中文：戰爭于一九三七年爆發。

(誤)The war was broken out in 1937.

(正)The war broke out in 1937.(take place，break out，happen，belong to等不及物動詞或短語動詞沒有被動語態形式。)

7.中文：我看不清黑板。也許你需要檢查你的眼睛。

(誤)I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.

(正)I can’t see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.(表示使某物被別人…，通常使用have或get+物+過去分詞表示。)

8.中文：他命令馬上開始工作。

(誤)He ordered the work to start at once.

(正)He ordered the work to be started at once.(不定式作賓語補語時，若與賓語是被動關系，要用不定式的被動形式。)

9.中文：他試圖不介入政治。

(誤)He tried not to have mixed up in politics.

(正)He tried not to get mixed up in politics.(get作系動詞，可代替be，后接過去分詞表示被動，have無此功能。)

10.中文：據說他很富有。

(誤)They say him to have been rich.

(正)He is said to have been rich.(say后不可接不定式，但它的被動語態后可接不定式。)

11.中文：那人被認為是個傻子。

(誤)The man thought to be a fool.

(正)The man was thought to be a fool.(主語是動作的承受者而不是發出者，用被動語態。)

---------By Bao Zhao