Exercise

We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.

people think of cowboys as free people, unafraid to battle with wild animals, living close to nature, with the trees and the sky and the stars.

Clearly , science may involve not only careful observation but also a willingness to be creative; this may entail looking beyond existing paradigms governing research in a given area of study.

要點(diǎn)分析和參考譯文

要點(diǎn)：此句又兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)存在，一個(gè)使全局的主干結(jié)構(gòu)，即由but連接的兩個(gè)分句"we know……，but all too often we recognize……";另一個(gè)是glance 后面跟著由and連接的兩個(gè)并列的狀語從句。這兩個(gè)狀語從句在實(shí)踐上存在著先后順序，在結(jié)構(gòu)上是一個(gè)對(duì)偶句，而且第二個(gè)狀語從句得主語省略，即when we remember what it was and then suddenly (we) realize that it is no more.

參考譯文：我們大家都知道這是實(shí)際情況。可我們卻常常只是再回首往事想起它當(dāng)時(shí)的情景時(shí)才認(rèn)識(shí)到，并且此時(shí)我們會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)它已不復(fù)存在了。

要點(diǎn)：句中謂語動(dòng)詞為一短語"think of …… as", 后接名詞短語" free people"及形容詞短語"unafraid to battle with wild animals"并列作cowboys的賓語補(bǔ)足語。分詞短語"living……"及介詞短語"with the trees……" 做伴隨及方式狀語。

參考譯文：人們把牛仔看成是自由自在的人，毫不懼怕與野獸搏斗，在大自然的懷抱中生活，與樹木，天空及星斗共存。

要點(diǎn)：此句是由;號(hào)鏈接在一起的兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，是一個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)。第二個(gè)分句的主語this 指的應(yīng)該是前面的整個(gè)句子的含義，否則會(huì)出現(xiàn)理解上的偏差。Existing paradigms 是介詞beyond 的賓語，而governing research 是paradigms的定語。

參考譯文：可見，科學(xué)包括的不僅是仔細(xì)觀察，而且還包括樂于去創(chuàng)新，這就必須要超越那些支配著某一特定學(xué)科的現(xiàn)有的研究規(guī)范。