(一)大家都知道英文的動詞(verb)不像中文那般單純。比如說"幫助"一詞，雖可做動詞，也可做名詞用;可是就沒有時間性。而英文動詞的變化可就多了，它可變成名詞、形容詞、副詞等，而且還有所謂"Tenses"(時態(tài))。比如"help"，就有下列各種時態(tài)：

Simple Present 現(xiàn)在時態(tài) -- help, helps

Simple Past過去時態(tài) -- helped

Simple Future將來時態(tài) -- shall help, will help ...

Present Continuous 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài) -- be helping

Present Perfect現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài) -- have helped, has helped...

Present Perfect Continuous 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài) -- have been helped...

Past Continuous 過去進(jìn)行時態(tài) -- was helping...

Past Perfect過去完成時態(tài) -- had helped...

Past Perfect Continuous 過去完成進(jìn)行時態(tài) -- had been helping...

Future Continuous 將來進(jìn)行時態(tài) -- shall be helping...

Future Perfect將來完成時態(tài) -- shall have helped...

Future Perfect Continuous 將來完成進(jìn)行時態(tài) -- shall have been helping...

Present Participle 現(xiàn)在式分詞 -- helping

Past Participle過去式分詞 -- helped

Perfect Participle 完成式分詞 -- having helped...

實際上，上面所舉的那個help，看來只有下列幾種"變形"而已：

help,helping,helped

但是好多動詞它的Past和Perfect時態(tài)的拼寫法就不太相同，如：

write: wrote(Past),written(Perfect)

sing:sang(Past), sung(Perfect)

而有些動詞則"始終如一"，各種時態(tài)(除了各類進(jìn)行式)都是一樣的拼寫，如：

cut,hit, hurt, let, put, read, shut ...

上面所談都是一些動詞的基礎(chǔ)知識。言歸正傳，基本上分詞分為下列兩種(第三種的Perfect Participle拼入Past Participle)：

1.現(xiàn)在式分詞(Present Participle)

2.過去式分詞(Past Participle)

注意：過去式分詞所用的動詞都屬于"完成時態(tài)"(Perfect)。