介詞講解及實例(3)
(七)、of
1.動詞+of
a)動詞+of。of意為“有關，由于”： beg of(sb.)請求某人,complain of抱怨，
consist of由…構成, die of死于, dream of夢想, hear of聽說, know of了解,
speak of談及, tell of講到, think of想起, talk of論及。例如：
never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give.
從來沒有人抱怨我們帶來這么多麻煩。
carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen.
二氧化碳由碳、氧兩種元素組成。
b)動詞+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有“剝奪，有關”之意：
accuse of控告(譴責，非難)某人, cheat of騙走, deprive of剝奪,
inform of匯報, rob of搶走, remind of提醒, warn of警告。例如：
he has cheated me of my poverty. 他騙走了我的財產。
they are deprived of their rights as citizens.
他們的公民權都被剝奪了。
c)動詞+sth.+ of +sb.。介詞of表動賓關系，后接動作的賓語
sb.：request of請求(某人做某事), require of要求得到。例如：
all i request of you is that you should come here early.
我唯一的請求就是希望你早點來。
you have done all the law requires of you.
你做的這一切都是法律對你的要求。
2. be +形容詞+ of。of后接表對象或目標的詞，這類短語有很多：
be aware of覺察, be ashamed of以…為恥, be afraid of擔心,
be bare of沒有, be careful of小心, be clear of還清債務,
be certain of確信, be composed of由…構成, be envious of嫉妒,
be forgetful of健忘, be fond of喜歡, be free of免于;擺脫,
be full of充滿, be guilty of認罪, be hopeful of抱有希望,
be informed of匯報, be impatient of對…無耐心, be jealous of嫉妒,
be made of用…制成, be mindful of留意, be proud of以…為驕傲,
be sick of煩于, be short of缺乏, be sure of確信, be tired of困于,
be worthy of值得。
3.of+名詞構成的詞組：of age成年, of choice精選的，of course當然,
of late最近，of name有名的，of oneself自動地，of purpose有意地，
of use有用，of values有價值的。
(八)、on
1.動詞+on
a)動詞+ on。介詞on表示“憑借，產生某結果，接通”等意思：
act on對…有作用, bring on促使;導致, call on拜訪某人,
count on依賴, carry on執行, depend on取決, feed on以…為生,
figure on料想;推斷, go on繼續, have on穿著, insist on堅持,
keep on繼續, lean on依賴, live on以…為生, pull on迅速穿上,
put on穿上, switch on接通(電源), take to喜歡;養成;輕易學會，
turn on接通(電源), work on操作, wait on侍候。例如：
this kind of medicine acts on the heart. 這種藥對心臟有好處。
the fine weather brings on the crops nicely. 好天氣促使莊稼長勢良好。
we count on you to help. 我們有賴你的幫助。
b)動詞+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)。on的意思是“以…，對…，在某方面”：
base on以…為基礎, congratulate on恭賀, fix on固定, have mercy on憐憫,
have pity on憐惜, keep watch on監視, spend on把時間、精力花在某方面。例如：
theory should be based on practice. 理論聯系實際。
congratulate on your success in the competition. 恭喜你競賽獲得成功。
2.be+形容詞+on的詞組：be dependent on依賴, be hard on對某人苛刻,
be impressed on對…印象深刻, be keen on渴望, be strict on對…嚴格。例如：
we can’t just be dependent on our parents. 我們不能只依賴父母。
he is keen on going abroad. 他渴望出國。
3.on+名詞構成的詞組：on表示處于某種狀態或在某個方位：on board乘(車,飛機),
on call聽候召喚, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire著火, on foot步行，
on guard在崗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假，on leave休假，on one’s knees跪下,
on one’s way在…的路上,on purpose故意, on sale待售，on shore在岸上,
on time準時, on the move行動, on the other hand另一方面, on the spot當場,
on the tip of one’s tongue快要說出口, on top of在…的頂部，on watch值班。
(九)、to
1.動詞+to
a)動詞+ to。介詞to意為“達到，指向”等：adjust to適應, attend to處理;
照料, agree to贊同, amount to加起來達…，belong to屬于, come to達到,
drink to為…干杯，get to到達, happen to發生在某人身上, hold to緊握,
lead to通向, listen to聽, occur to想起, object to反對, point to指向,
respond to回答, refer to參考;指的是…;涉及, reply to回答, see to負責,
stick to堅持, turn to求助, write to給某人寫信。例如：
she must learn to adjust herself to english life. 她必須學會適應英國的生活。
business has to be attended to. 有事要辦。
an idea occurred to me. 我想出一個辦法。
b)動詞(+sth.)+to+sb.。下列動詞不能直接帶間接賓語sb.，要接間接賓語時須在
動詞后加介詞to：announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向
某人解釋, express to對某人表達, mention to提及, nod to向某人點頭, report to
報告, say to告知, shout to對某人大叫, suggest to對某人提建議,
speak to與某人交談, talk to跟某人談話, whisper to和某人低聲耳語。例如：
she suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee.
她跟我向委員會推舉了一兩個合適的人選。
c)動詞+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.。此時介詞to可譯成“到，于，給”等意思：
add to增加, compare to比作, carry to運送至, devote to致力于,
introduce to介紹給, invite to邀請參加, join to連接到, leave to委托給,
reduce to下降至, sentence to判處, take to帶到。例如：
please add a piece of candy to coffee. 請給咖啡加塊糖。
poets like to compare life to stage. 詩人喜歡把人生比作舞臺。
2. be +形容詞/過去分詞+ to。to的意思是“對…”：be alive to覺察;
曉得, be attentive to注意;留心, be awake to知曉, be blind to缺乏眼光,
be close to緊挨著, be common to對某人來說很普通, be contrary to違反;
反對, be devoted to致力, be deaf to不愿意聽, be equal to有…的力量,
be exposed to暴露;遭受, be fair to對…公平, be familiar to對某人來說熟悉,
be grateful to對某人心存感激, be good to對…有好處, be harmful to對…有危害,
be important to對…重要, be kind to友好對待, be known to周知于,
be married to嫁給, be moved to轉移到, be near to*近,
be necessary to對…有必要, be opposite to在對面, be opposed to反對,
be pleasant to合某人之意, be proper to專屬, be polite to禮貌待人,
be rude to粗暴對待, be relative to與…有關, be strange to不習慣,
be similar to類似, be suitable to適合, be true to忠實,
be thankful to感激, be useful to對…有用, be used to習慣。例如：
are you alive to what is going on? 你注意到發生什么事了嗎?
the old man was not equal to the situation. 那老人不能應付這種情況。
his house is opposite to mine. 他的房子在我的房子對面。
3.to+名詞構成的詞組有：to a degree在某種程度上, to date到現在為止,
to one’s feet跳起來，to one’s mind照…看來, to one’s surprise使…吃驚,
to one’s taste符合胃口, to oneself獨自享用, to order定做,
to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地。
(十)、with
1.動詞+ with
a)動詞+ with。with接對象或目標，意思為“與…，從…”：agree with同意;
適應, begin with從…開始, continue with繼續, do with應付, deal with對付,
fight with與…作戰, fool with愚弄, hurry with忙于, mix with與…混合在一起,
meet with偶遇, play with把玩, quarrel with與某人爭吵,
reason with與某人評理, settle with與人協商。例如：
let’s begin our class with an english song.
我們以一首英語歌開講。
i meant to reason with you, but you won’t reason.
我本要與你理論理論，但你不愿意。
b)動詞+ sth./sb. + with + sth./sb.。介詞with意為“以，用”：
compare with與…比較, combine with與…混合, equip with以…裝備,
feed with用…喂養, furnish with用…裝飾, provide with提供,
replace with以…替代, supply with供給。例如：
education must be combined with productive labour.
教育應與生產力相結合。
they replaced slave labour with machines.
他們用機器代替奴工。
2. be +形容詞/過去分詞+ with。介詞with表示情緒的原因、
憑借等意思：be angry with惱怒, be annoyed with使煩惱,
be busy with忙于, be bored with使煩心, be burdened with擔負,
be crowded with擁擠著, be connected with與…聯系,
be covered with覆蓋著, be concerned with關心, be content with對…滿意,
be disappointed with失望于, be delighted with對…感到高興,
be engaged with忙碌于, be exhausted with由于…而極度疲倦,
be filled with充滿, be familiar with熟悉, be friendly with對…友好,
be occupied with忙碌, be overcome with極為, be popular with受…歡迎,
be patient with對…有耐心, be pleased with對…高興,
be satisfied with滿意于, be strict with對…嚴格,
be wrong with有毛病, be wild with因…而欣喜。例如：
he was much annoyed with his son’s behavior.
他對兒子的行為相當惱火。
i’m fully occupied with my daily work.
我忙碌于日常事務。
when he caught sight of her, he was overcome with despair.
看到她，他非常失望。
3.動詞+副詞/介詞短語+with構成的詞組: catch up with趕上,
do away with廢除, fall in love with愛上,
get together with與…聯歡,keep in touch with保持聯系，keep up with趕上。
綜上所述，常用介詞搭配在英語中極其豐富，意義復雜多變。
掌握這些搭配，對夯實基礎、提高英語閱讀水平和理解能力是大有裨益的。
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四六級考試常考語法解析—冠詞搭配
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