一 . 由動詞轉化成的連詞
1. suppose (如果,假使)引導條件狀語從句。例如:
( 1 ) Suppose it rains, what shall we do?
如果天下雨,我們該怎么辦?
( 2 ) Suppose a lion should come out of the forest?
要是有一頭獅子從樹林中跑出來咋辦?
2. save (除了,只是)引導狀語從句,表示伴隨狀況。例如:
A similar timetable has been used, save that the morning
break is shorter.
已經采用了差不多相同的時間表,只是早上的休息時間縮短了。
二 . 由分詞轉化成的連詞
這類連詞有兩種:一種是由現在分詞轉化成的連詞,另一種是由過去分詞轉化成的連詞。
1. 現在分詞
由現在分詞轉化成的連詞有:seeing (考慮到) supposing (即使,如果) providing (如果) granting (即使) saving (除了,除非) assuming (假使) admitting (雖說,即使) presuming (假定,假使) considering (考慮到)
( 1 ) He can stay here providing he works.
如果他工作的話,他可以留在這兒。
( 2 ) Supposing that you’ve made some progress, you should
not be proud.
假定你有了一些進步,你也不應該驕傲自大。
( 3 ) Considering they are newcomers, they’ve done very well.
考慮到他們是新來的,他們已經做得很好了。
2. 過去分詞
由過去分詞轉化成的連詞有:provided(如果……的話;以……為條件), granted(假定;即使) given (就……而言)
( 1 ) You may go, provided your work is done.
如果你的工作做完了,你就可以走了。
( 2 ) Granted that he has enough money to buy the house, it
doesn’t mean he’s going to do so.
即使他有足夠的錢來買這棟房子,他也不一定會這么做。
三 . 由副詞轉化成的連詞
directly ,instantly ,immediately ,constantly均表示“一……就,馬上,立刻”的意思,可用來引導時間狀語從句。例如:
( 1 ) Directly I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake.
我剛做完這件事,就知道出錯了。
( 2 ) I came immediately I’d eaten.
我一吃完就來了。
( 3 ) I telegraphed instantly I arrived there.
我一到了那里就打電報。
四 . 由名詞轉化成的連詞
由名詞轉化過來的連詞,前面一般都有定冠詞。
1. the moment, the instant, the minute
這幾個詞組都表示“一……就,馬上,立刻”的意思,可用來引導時間狀語從句。例如:
( 1 ) I will meet you the instant you arrive.
你一到我就去見你。
( 2 ) The moment you leave, please tell me.
你一動身就請告訴我。
2. the first (或 second, next, last ) time (或 moment )表示“在某一次……的時候”,可用來引導時間狀語從句。例如:
I liked her the first time I met her.
第一次見到她時我就喜歡上了她。
五 . 由介詞短語轉化成的關聯連詞
由介詞短語轉化成的關聯連詞很多,而且還在不斷增加。常見的有 for fear that(唯恐), in case that (假使), in order that (為了), on condition that (如果), with the result that (結果)等,可用來引導條件、目的或結果狀語從句。例如:
( 1 ) He hurried home for fear that he might miss his guests.
他急忙趕回家,唯恐見不到他的客人。
( 2 ) In case I’m late, start without me.
如果我來晚了,你們不必等我。
( 3 ) I was in the bath with the result that I didn’t hear
the telephone.
我正在浴室里洗澡,結果沒有聽見電話鈴響。
( 4 ) They flew there in order that they might be in time to
attend the opening ceremony.
為了能及時參加開幕典禮,他們乘飛機到了那里。