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不定式的基本形式與結構
動詞不定式指通常由to加上動詞原形(如to write)所構成的一種非限定性動詞形式，但在有些情況下to可以省略。
動詞不定式有進行體和完成體(如上to be writing，to have written)，也有被動態(如to be written)，所有的主動詞，不論是及物動詞還是不及物動詞，也不論是動作動詞還是狀態動詞，都有不定式形式。助動詞除be和have外，沒有不定式形式。動詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。
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不定式的用法
1)不定式結構作主語
1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago.2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge.
在上述情況下，如果不定式較長，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞讓作形式主語(形式主語it不可由that或this等其他代詞代替)，而將不定式放到后面。如：
1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time.
不定式結構所表示的動作是誰做的，即不定式的邏輯主語，通常可以通過for sb.to do sth.結構表達：1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review.2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容詞(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表語時，不定式后可以加of來引導出其邏輯主語：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth.2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.
2)不定式作賓語
不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式，另一種是“及物動詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式。
及物動詞+帶to的不定式結構:只能跟動詞不定式的動詞，常見的有:afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decide demand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，swear，undertake，want，wish等。
1.He managed to solve the complicated problem.2.The stranger offered to show me the way.3.Mr.Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.
動詞+疑問代(副)詞+不定式：這類動詞常見的有advise，decide，find out，forget，inquire，know，learn，see，regard初中英語語法總結，remember，teach，tell，understand，wonder等。常見的疑問代(副)詞有:what，when，where，which，how，whether等。1.He does not know when to start.2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.
有時，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結構表達：動詞(如find，think，consider，feel等)+it+形容詞+不定式。1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.
