以前談過(guò)了動(dòng)詞形態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤,這種錯(cuò)誤屢見不鮮,是英語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤中常見的一種。因?yàn)檫@緣故,很多英語(yǔ)考試,都會(huì)有一項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞形式選擇或改正的試題。
從觀察所得,動(dòng)詞形態(tài)錯(cuò)誤的一個(gè)原因是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的混淆所引起的。
這里便舉些例子談?wù)劇?/p>
㈠ Hang
這動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)主要意思,就是“懸掛”和“吊死”。前者的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是hung,如:
① Mr Lim hung a newly bought oil painting on the wall.
② Who has hung the dirty clothes on the tree?
Hang當(dāng)“吊死”時(shí)用,它的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是hanged,如:
③ The prisoner hanged himself in the prison.
④ Drug-traffickers, if arrested, will be hanged.
如果貿(mào)貿(mào)然用hung代替hanged或以hanged取代hung就會(huì)令人莫名其妙,如:
⑤ The murderer was caught and hung.
⑥ How can such a nice painting be hanged in the kitchen?
㈡ Lie
這動(dòng)詞的常見意思是“說(shuō)謊”和“躺下”。前者的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是lied;后者的是lay和lain.
若不小心,把兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的形式搞亂了,很可能會(huì)有這樣的錯(cuò)誤:
⑦ The puppy lied on the carpet and slept.
⑧ Have you lain to your good friend?
⑦里的應(yīng)為lay;⑧里的是lied.
提到lay,它也是原動(dòng)詞,意思是“生產(chǎn)”或“擺設(shè)”;過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都是laid,如:
⑨ That hen has laid its first egg.
⑩ Mother laid the table for dinner.
㈢ Speed
當(dāng)“急馳”時(shí),這動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是sped;和up連用當(dāng) “加速”解時(shí),則用speeded,如:
The boy ran out of doors and sped down the main road.
The new scheme has speeded up the administrative process.
㈣ Bear
這動(dòng)詞有幾個(gè)意思,包括“生產(chǎn)”和“出生”,過(guò)去形式是bore ,過(guò)去分詞是born/borne,如:
Pat has borne two lovely children.
Lily was born after Singapore’s independence.
Born只用在“出生”這意思上,其余的要用borne,如:
The Government’s investments abroad have borne fruit.(結(jié)果)
David has borne with the unfriendly criticisms with tremendous courage.(忍受)