一般將來時也譯為單純將來時。
例A：I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.
(如明天下雨我就不來。)
例B：My brother will leave for the United States next week.
(我的哥哥下星期要到美國去。)
解說 從句式我們可以了解一般將來時的表達(dá)須借助于助動詞“shall/will”。關(guān)于“shall/will”的用法，傳統(tǒng)文法談得很多，同時各文法學(xué)家的理論也不很一致。更重要的是英國人和美國人對“shall/will”的用法規(guī)則并不很一致，也不很嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，所以本書擬只提供下面的五個規(guī)則，相信各位只要把下面這五個規(guī)則學(xué)通了，你的“shall/will”的用法就可以中規(guī)中矩了。
①說或?qū)懚急M量使用“I’ll, You’ll, He’ll , She’ll , It’ll, We’ll , They’ll …”的簡縮形(如用法例2、3)。
②要表達(dá)主語的“意志”，通常都用“will”(文法上稱為意志將來。)
例A：I won’t see him again.
(我不愿意再和他見面。)
例B：Who will go and help that poor old man?
(誰愿意去幫助那個可憐的老人?)
Mary will . (瑪莉愿意。)
③說話者要把自己的“意志”表達(dá)或行使出去，通常用“shall”。
例A：You shall not do that again.
(你不可以再做那樣的事。)
例B：He shall return that book tomorrow.
(明天他必須把那本書歸還。)
④第一人稱問句使用“shall”。
例A：Shall I call you a taxi ?
(需要我替你叫一輛出租車嗎?)
例B：Shall we tell her the truth ?
(我們可以把實(shí)情告訴她嗎?)
⑤問句是“Shall…?”，答句就用“shall ~”;問句用“Will …?”，答句就用“will ~ ”。
例A：Shall you go to school tomorrow ?
(你明天須要上學(xué)去嗎?)
Yes, I shall . We’ll have an exam .
(是的，我必須去。我們明天有考試。)
例B：Will you go to school with me tomorrow?
(明天你要不要和我一道去學(xué)校?)
No, I won’t . I’m going on a picnic.
(我不要。我已定好要去郊游。)
注：Let’s …”的附加疑問通常使用“…, shall we ?”。
Let’s have a rest, shall we?
(我們休息一下，怎樣?)
一般將來時除了使用“shall/will + V…”以外，也可以使用下列的幾種句式來表達(dá)。
1.be going to + V … (即將會……;打算將……)
例A：It is going to rain. Take an umbrella with you.
(帶一把傘去。看樣子就要下雨了。)
例B：The Browns are going to move to Australia.
(布朗先生全家打算遷移到澳大利亞去。)
2.be about to + V (即將……，指緊接著要發(fā)生的動作。)
例：Let’s wait a minute. He is about to arrive.
(我們等一下。他即將會到達(dá)。)
3.be + V-ing …(定于……，指接近的將來動作。)
例：He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去。)
4.be + to V (定于……，指預(yù)定的將來動作。)
例：She is to be here at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.
(她定于明晨九時到達(dá)這里。)
5.V-(e)s (定于……，指接近的將來動作，但不如第3項主觀。)
例：He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
(他定于明天早晨到香港去。——與(3)項的區(qū)別在于(3)項的動作是出自主語的決定，(5)項則不一定是出自主語的決定。)
常用于修飾一般將來時的時間副詞有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning (afternoon, evening), next + 時間 (next night, next Monday …, next week, month…, next summer…, next year), in (the) future (將來)，soon (不久之后)，in +時間 (in five days——再過五天，in two weeks——再過二星期)，etc.
Drilling Square
Ⅰ.請在下列各題空格處填入shall或will。
1.You ______ not drive through a red light.
2.I ______ do everything for her.
3.______ you help me with this heavy bag, John?
4.______ I help you with that heavy bag, Madam?
5.Let’s go and take a walk after dinner, ______ we?
6."No one ______ leave the classroom if I haven’t said Okay," said the teacher.
7.It ______ soon be over, I am sure.
8.Do what you ______ , but don’t go out.
9.I ______ take you there with me, if it’s OK with your mother.
10.Rain or shine, I ______ come.
Ⅱ.請在下列各題空格處就所設(shè)動詞給予適當(dāng)?shù)膶頃r。
1.A：How do you want to go to Hualain, by air or by train?
B：I am not in a hurry this time, so I (1) take the train.
2.A：(2) (you like) to go to the game this afternoon?
B：I’d love to. Where (3) (we meet) ?
A：You just stay home and wait for me. I (4) drive my car there, so I (5) (pick) you up at about 1:30 .
3.A：It’s a good dictionary . I (6) (buy) it, but I don’t have money with me now.
B：Don’t worry. I (7) (lend) you.
4.A：I hear Miss Chen (8) leave our school and teach in a bigger school in Taipei.
B：But the principal (校長) (9) not let her go . He says she (10) teach at least for another semester until he finds a new teacher.
