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初一我們就 開(kāi)始接觸和學(xué)習(xí)There be句型，初中三年，我們一直在和There be句型打交道，它貫穿在很多語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)中，常考的有There be的各種時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致以及反義疑問(wèn)句。

定義

There be 句型是英語(yǔ)中常用句型， 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。其中there 是引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有詞義;be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;“某人或某物”是句子的主語(yǔ);“某地"作句子的狀語(yǔ),多是介詞短語(yǔ)。

There is a football under the chair.椅子下面有一個(gè)足球。

結(jié)構(gòu)

There be +某物 / 某人 + 某地

動(dòng)詞be的確定

1)there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致。主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is,是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。

There is a flower in the bottle.瓶里有一朵花。There is some money in the purse.錢(qián)包里有些錢(qián)。There are some books on the desk.桌子上有許多書(shū)。

2)若句子中有幾個(gè)并列的主語(yǔ)時(shí), be的形式要與離其最近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致(就近原則)。

There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house.房子里有一個(gè)男孩,一個(gè)女孩和兩個(gè)婦女。There are ten students and a teacher in the office.辦公室里有十個(gè)學(xué)生和一個(gè)教師。

There be 句型

肯定句

“There be+主語(yǔ)(某人/某物)+介詞短語(yǔ)”，表示“(在)某地有某人/某物”。這里的be的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要采取“就近一致”原則，即合靠近be的主語(yǔ)保持一致。具體地說(shuō)，there后面第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，若是單數(shù)時(shí)，be就用is/was;若是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)be就用are/were。

There are three people in my family.我家有三口人。There is a pen and two books on the desk.書(shū)桌上有一支鋼筆和兩本書(shū)。

否定式“There be +not+主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”。There be句型”的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其他句型一樣，在be后加not或no即可，但要注意的是句中的some改成any.

1. There is a knife in the kitchen.否定:There is not a knife in the kitchen.

2. There are five apples on the tree.否定:There are not five apples on the tree.

3. There is some ink in the bottle.否定:There is not any ink in the bottle.

4. There are some birds singing in the tree.否定:There are not any birds singing in the tree.

There be否定句型中的not any與no可以互換。注意not和no的不同：not是副詞，no為形容詞，所以not a/an/any+n.相當(dāng)于no+n.。

1. There are not any books in the bag.=There are no books in the bag.

2. There is no baby crying in the room.=There is not any baby crying in the room.

3. There are no students in the classroom.=There are not any students in the classroom.

4. There is not any milk in the bottle.=There is no milk in the bottle.

疑問(wèn)式

在“There is/are...”的疑問(wèn)句中,要把Be動(dòng)詞放在there之前,并將句號(hào)變問(wèn)號(hào)。難點(diǎn):句中出現(xiàn)的some要改成any。 肯定回答為：Yes, there is/are.否定回答為: No, there isn’t/aren’t.結(jié)構(gòu)：Be動(dòng)詞+there+主語(yǔ)……?

There is an apple on the tree.Is there an apple on the tree?肯定回答: Yes, there is.否定回答: No, there isn’t.

There are five pens on the desk. Are there five pens on the desk?肯定回答: Yes, there are.否定回答: No, there aren’t.

There is some water in the cup.Is there any water in the cup?肯定回答: Yes, there is.否定回答: No, there isn’t.

特殊疑問(wèn)句

“There be句型”的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式有以下三種變化：

1.對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人的時(shí)候，則用who 引導(dǎo)，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物的時(shí)候，則用what引導(dǎo)。注意：無(wú)論原句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，對(duì)之提問(wèn)時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)決定)。

There are many things over there.What’s over there?There was a little girl in the roomWho was in the room?

2.對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)：則用where 引導(dǎo)。

There is a computer on the desk.Where is the computer?There were four children on the playground.Where were the four children?

3.對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)：一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu)：

How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are/were (there)+介詞短語(yǔ)?

There’re many children in the park. How many children are(there)in the park?

How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is/was there+介詞短語(yǔ)?There was little rain around the year. How much rain was (there)around the year?