一、名詞或代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)
Are you interested in history? 你對(duì)歷史感興趣嗎?
Don’t worry about it. 別為它擔(dān)心。
【說(shuō)明】
若是人稱(chēng)代詞用作介詞賓語(yǔ),要注意用賓格。如:No one can sing like her. 沒(méi)有人能像她那樣唱歌。(不能用like she)
二、動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)
He is good at telling stories. 他善于講故事。
In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿過(guò)馬路時(shí)被汽車(chē)撞倒。
三、過(guò)去分詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)
We can’t regard the matter as settled. 我們不能認(rèn)為這事已經(jīng)解決。
I take it for granted you have read the book. 我以為你讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。
【說(shuō)明】
過(guò)去分詞用作介詞賓語(yǔ)通常只見(jiàn)于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中,如上面第1句涉及regard…as(認(rèn)為…是)結(jié)構(gòu),第2句涉及take sth for granted(認(rèn)為某事屬實(shí))。在其他情況下,介詞后通常不直接跟過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ),若語(yǔ)義上需要接過(guò)去分詞(表被動(dòng)),可換用“being+過(guò)去分詞”:He went out without being seen by the others. 他出去了,沒(méi)有被其他人看見(jiàn)。
三、從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)
He was not satisfied with what she said. 他對(duì)她說(shuō)的不滿意。
I’m worried about where he is. 我擔(dān)心他上哪兒去了。
【說(shuō)明】
介詞后通常不接that從句,遇此情況需考慮用其他結(jié)構(gòu):
誤:He paid no attention to that she was poor.
正:He paid no attention to the fact that she was poor. 他根本不注意她很窮這一事實(shí)。
但有個(gè)別介詞(如except)可接that從句。比較:I know nothing about him except that he lives next door. / I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door. 我只知道他住在隔壁,其它的就不知道了。
四、不定式作介詞賓語(yǔ)
I had no choice but to wait. 除了等,我沒(méi)有別的選擇。
He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那兒。
They did nothing but complain. 他們老是一個(gè)勁地抱怨。
He never did anything but watch TV. 除了看電視,他從不干任何事。
【說(shuō)明】
1. 介詞后接不定式的情形通常只見(jiàn)于but, except等極個(gè)別詞。該不定式有時(shí)帶 to,有時(shí)不帶 to,其區(qū)別是:若其前出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞 do,其后的不定式通常不帶 to;若其前沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞 do,則其后的不定式通常帶 to。
2. 介詞后雖然通常不直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ),但卻可接“連接代詞(副詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu):
He gave me some advice on how to do it. 對(duì)于如何做這事他給我提了些建議。