基礎(chǔ)知識
1.字母：26個字母的大小寫
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2.音標：48個音標
3.詞匯：詞匯量，近反義詞
4.句子：大小寫，標點符號
語法知識
一.名詞：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，名詞的格
(一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
1.一般情況，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice，child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名詞的格
(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格：
a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoes
l并列名詞中，如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后，表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
l要表示所有物不是共有的，應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關(guān)系：如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠詞：不定冠詞，定冠詞種類：
(1)不定冠詞：a / an
元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠詞：the
定冠詞的用法：
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk.
(2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序數(shù)詞前： John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定詞組中： in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況：
(1)專有名詞前：China is a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：
This is my baseball.
(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在節(jié)日，日期，月份，季節(jié)前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球類 棋類運動前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但樂器前要用定冠詞：I play the guitar very well.
(7)學(xué)科名稱前：My favorite subject is music.
(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前：This is Mr Li.
(9)固定詞組中：at noon at night by bus
