代詞的講解及練習(xí)(1)
一.概念:
代詞是代替名詞的詞, 按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。
二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
1.人稱代詞
1)人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格,如下表所示。
2)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語(yǔ),賓格作賓語(yǔ)。如:
I like table tennis. (作主語(yǔ))
Do you knowhim?(作賓語(yǔ))
3)人稱代詞還可作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。如:
---Whos is knocking at the door?
---It’s me.
4)人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),用主格和賓格都可以。如:
He is older than me.
He is older thanI am.
2. 物主代詞
1)表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性
物主代詞,如下表所示。
2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,可在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如:
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主語(yǔ))
--- Is this English-book yours? (作表語(yǔ))
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
I’ve already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作賓語(yǔ))
3. 指示代詞
指示代詞包括:this,that,these,those。
1) this和these一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人,that和those
則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人,例如:
This is a pen andthat is a pencil.
We are busy these days.
Inthose days the workers had a hard time.
2)有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物,this 和these則是指下面將要講
到的事物,例如:
I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come.
What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.
3)有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞,常可用that或those代替,例如:
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
4)this 在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己,that 則代表對(duì)方。例如:
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
4. 反身代詞
英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我們自己","你們自己"
等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞,也有人稱之為自身代名詞,其形式如表所示。
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)。
1)作賓語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人
或一些人。
He called himself a writer.
Would you please express yourself in English?
2)作表語(yǔ)。
It doesn’t matter.I’ll be myself soon.
The girl in the news is myself.
3)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ),表示親自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))
You should ask the teacher himself.(作賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ))
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