代詞的講解及練習(1)
一.概念:
代詞是代替名詞的詞, 按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關系代詞等。
二.相關知識點精講
1.人稱代詞
1)人稱代詞的人稱、數和格，如下表所示。
2)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。如：
I like table tennis. (作主語)
Do you knowhim?(作賓語)
3)人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如：
---Whos is knocking at the door?
---It’s me.
4)人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如：
He is older than me.
He is older thanI am.
2. 物主代詞
1)表示所有關系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性
物主代詞，如下表所示。
2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如：
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主語)
--- Is this English-book yours? (作表語)
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
I’ve already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作賓語)
3. 指示代詞
指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。
1) this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those
則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人，例如：
This is a pen andthat is a pencil.
We are busy these days.
Inthose days the workers had a hard time.
2)有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講
到的事物，例如：
I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come.
What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.
3)有時為了避免重復提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替，例如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.
4)this 在電話用語中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如：
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
4. 反身代詞
英語中用來表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己"
等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。
1)作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發出者，主語和賓語指同一個人
或一些人。
He called himself a writer.
Would you please express yourself in English?
2)作表語。
It doesn’t matter.I’ll be myself soon.
The girl in the news is myself.
3)作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主語同位語)
You should ask the teacher himself.(作賓語同位語)
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