做補語。例如:
We might call it a mistake in tactics.我們不妨把它叫做戰術上的錯誤。
Mr. Brown is considered a good teacher.布朗先生被認為是個好老師。
做狀語。例如:
He works day and night.他夜以繼日的工作。
Wait a minute.等一下。
做同位語。例如:
We students should work hard.我們學生應該努力學習。
Paul Jones,that distinguished art critic,died in his sleep last night.保羅瓊斯,杰出的藝術批評家于昨晚在睡夢中去世。
做獨立成分。例如:
Ladies and Gentlemen,please take your seats.女士們先生們,請就座。
John,you looked tired.約翰,你看上去很疲勞。