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時(shí)和體雖然是兩個(gè)不同的類別，但它們總是出現(xiàn)在一起。

英語中有六個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)和兩種語體。參考時(shí)態(tài)和語體，我們可以在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中談?wù)撓铝薪Y(jié)構(gòu)。

注意：進(jìn)行體也被稱為連續(xù)體。

1

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)+一般體)

Present Simple (present tense + common aspect)

肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞原形

注：對(duì)于第三人稱單數(shù)(他/她/它)，要在動(dòng)詞原形后加“s”

I/ You/ We/ They work in a bank.

我/你/我們/他們?cè)阢y行工作。

He/ She works in a bank.

他/她在銀行工作。

否定句：主語+don’t/ doesn’t+動(dòng)詞原形

I/ You/ We/ They don’t (do not) work.

我/你/我們/他們不工作。

He/ She/ It doesn’t (does not) work.

他/她/它不工作。

疑問句：疑問詞+助動(dòng)詞do/does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形

Where do I/ you/we/they work?

我/你/我們/他們?cè)谀睦锕ぷ?

Where does he/ she work?

他/她在哪里工作?

適用場(chǎng)合：

Usual, regular action

經(jīng)常，規(guī)律的行為

I usually go fishing at weekends. I don’t go fishing at weekends. Do I go fishing at weekends?

我通常在周末去釣魚。我周末不去釣魚。我周末去釣魚嗎?

She never puts milk in her tea. She doesn’t put milk in her tea. Does she ever put milk in her tea?

她從不把牛奶放進(jìn)茶里。她不把牛奶放在茶里。她把牛奶放進(jìn)茶里了嗎?

We sometimes go to the cinema on Friday. We don’t go to the cinema on Friday. Do we go to the cinema on Fridays?

我們有時(shí)星期五去看電影。我們星期五不去看電影。我們星期五去看電影嗎?

They never walk in the wood. They don’t walk in the wood. Do they walk in the wood?

他們從不在樹林里散步。他們不在樹林里散步。他們?cè)跇淞掷锷⒉絾?

General existence; stating a fact:

普遍存在;陳述事實(shí)：

An ostrich has two legs. A rabbit doesn’t have two legs. How many legs does a spider have?

鴕鳥有兩條腿。兔子沒有兩只腿。蜘蛛有多少條腿?

The earth goes round the sun. The sun doesn’t go round the earth. Does the moon go round the earth?

地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。太陽不會(huì)繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)嗎?

Water is liquid at room temperature. Gold isn’t liquid at room temperature. Is gold solid at room temperature?

水在室溫下是液態(tài)的。黃金在室溫下不是液態(tài)的。金子在室溫下是固體的嗎?

Dramatic narrative (theatre, sports, etc. events):

戲劇性的敘述(戲劇、體育等)：

Johnson takes the ball, he bounces it to the floor, then he throws and scores two points.

約翰遜拿到球，他把球反彈到地板上，然后投了兩分。

Timetables

時(shí)間表

The train leaves at half past four. The train doesn’t leave at five. What time does the train leave?

火車四點(diǎn)半發(fā)車，可是現(xiàn)在五點(diǎn)了還不開。火車什么時(shí)候發(fā)車?

The course starts on 1 July. The course doesn’t start in June. When does the course start?

課程從7月1號(hào)開始，六月份這個(gè)課還沒開課呢。課程什么時(shí)候開始?

2

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(現(xiàn)在時(shí)+進(jìn)行體)

Present Progressive (present tense + progressive aspect)

肯定句：主語+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞ing形式

You are cooking.

你正在做飯。

否定句：主語+be not+動(dòng)詞ing形式

You aren’t (are not) cooking.

你沒在做飯。

疑問句：疑問詞+ be動(dòng)詞 +主語+動(dòng)詞ing形式

What are you cooking?

你正在做什么飯?

適用場(chǎng)合：

Action happening now:

表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：

I’m watching a film on TV now. I‘m not watching a film. Am I watching a film?

我正在看電視上的電影。我現(xiàn)在沒在看電影。我正在看電影嗎?

Watch out, a car’s coming. It isn’t not coming. Is it coming?

當(dāng)心，汽車要來了。汽車沒來。汽車要來了嗎?

The boys are sleeping upstairs. They boys aren’t sleeping upstairs. Are the boys sleeping upstairs?

孩子們正在樓上睡覺。孩子們沒在樓上睡覺。孩子們正在樓上睡覺嗎?

Action happening about this time, but not necessarily now:

表示最近一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行的行為，不一定是現(xiàn)在正在做的。

He‘s studying Spanish and German. He‘s not studying French. What languages is he studying?

他在學(xué)習(xí)西班牙語和德語。他沒在學(xué)法語。他在學(xué)習(xí)什么語言?

They‘re going to a business course. They aren’t going to a cooking course. What course are they going to?

他們要去上商業(yè)課。他們沒去上烹飪課。他們要去上什么課?

Definite arrangement in the near future:

表示近期內(nèi)的明確安排：

I‘m travelling to Paris tomorrow. I‘m not travelling to Paris tomorrow. Am I travelling to Paris tomorrow?

我明天要去巴黎旅行。我明天不去巴黎旅行。我明天要去巴黎旅行嗎?

You‘re going to Italy on holiday this year, aren’t you? You aren’t going to Greece. Where are you going on holiday this year?

你今年要去意大利度假，不是嗎?你不打算去希臘。今年你打算去哪里度假?

3

一般過去時(shí)(過去時(shí)態(tài)+一般體)

Past Simple (past tense + common aspect)

肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞一般過去式

I/ You/ He/ She/ It/ We/ They lived in London ten years ago.

十年前，我/你/他/她/它/我們/他們生活在倫敦。

否定句：主語+助動(dòng)詞didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形

I/ You/ He/ She/ It/ We/ They didn’t like the film.

我/你/他/她/它/我們/他們不喜歡這個(gè)電影。

疑問句：疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形

Where did I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ they meet Richard?

在哪里我/你/他/她/它/我們/他們遇見的理查德?

適用場(chǎng)合：

Actions, events in the past:

表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，事件：

Mother went to work on Tuesday. Mother didn’t go to work on Tuesday. Did Mother go to work on Tuesday?

媽媽星期二去上班了。媽媽星期二沒去上班。媽媽星期二去上班了嗎?

You did the shopping this morning. You didn’t do the shopping this morning. Where did you do the shopping this morning?

你今天早上去買東西了。你今天早上沒去買東西。今天上午你在哪里買的東西?